Ukusebenzisa i-LESS nge-Bootstrap

Enza ngendlela oyifisayo futhi wandise i-Bootstrap nge- LESS , i-preprocessor ye-CSS, ukuze usebenzise okuguquguqukayo, imiksi, nokunye okusetshenziselwa ukwakha i-CSS ye-Bootstrap.

Kungani KUNCANE?

I-Bootstrap yenziwe nge-LESS engqikithini yayo, ulimi lweshidi lesitayela oluguqukayo oludalwe umngane wethu omkhulu, u- Alexis Sellier . Kwenza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-CSS okusekelwe kumasistimu kusheshe, kube lula, futhi kube mnandi kakhulu.

Yini efakiwe?

Njengesandiso se-CSS, i-LESS ihlanganisa okuguquguqukayo, imiksi yamazwibela asebenzisekayo ekhodi, imisebenzi yezibalo ezilula, ukwenza isidleke, kanye nemisebenzi yombala.

Funda kabanzi

Vakashela iwebhusayithi esemthethweni kokuthi http://lesscss.org/ ukuze ufunde kabanzi.

Okuguquguqukayo

Ukuphatha imibala namavelu ephikseli ku-CSS kungaba buhlungu, ngokuvamile kugcwele ukukopisha nokunamathisela. Hhayi nge-LESS nakuba—nika imibala noma amanani amaphikseli njengokuguquguqukayo futhi uwashintshe kanye.

Imiksi

Lezo zimemezelo ezintathu zerediyasi yomngcele okudingeka uzenze ku-CSS evamile? Manje sezansi emugqeni owodwa ngosizo lwama-mixins, amazwibela wekhodi ongaphinda uwasebenzise noma yikuphi.

Imisebenzi

Yenza igridi yakho, ihole, futhi ivumelane nezimo kakhulu ngokwenza izibalo undiza ngokusebenza. Phindaphinda, hlukanisa, engeza, futhi ukhiphe indlela yakho eya ku-CSS sanity.

Izixhumanisi

`@linkColor`	#08c	Umbala wombhalo wesixhumanisi esizenzakalelayo
`@linkColorHover`	`darken(@linkColor, 15%)`	Umbala wokuhambisa umbhalo wesixhumanisi esizenzakalelayo

Isistimu yegridi

`@gridColumns`	12
`@gridColumnWidth`	60px
`@gridGutterWidth`	20px
`@fluidGridColumnWidth`	6.382978723%
`@fluidGridGutterWidth`	2.127659574%

Ukuthayipha

`@baseFontSize`	13px
`@baseFontFamily`	`"Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif`
`@baseLineHeight`	18px

Imibala empunga

`@black`	#000
`@grayDarker`	#222
`@grayDark`	#333
`@gray`	#555
`@grayLight`	#999
`@grayLighter`	#eee
`@white`	#fff

Imibala ye-accent

`@blue`	#049cdb
`@green`	#46a546
`@red`	#9d261d
`@yellow`	#ffc40d
`@orange`	#f89406
`@pink`	#c3325f
`@purple`	#7a43b6

Izingxenye

Izinkinobho

`@primaryButtonBackground`	`@linkColor`

Amafomu

`@placeholderText`	`@grayLight`

Ibha ye-Navbar

`@navbarHeight`	40px
`@navbarBackground`	`@grayDarker`
`@navbarBackgroundHighlight`	`@grayDark`
`@navbarText`	`@grayLight`
`@navbarLinkColor`	`@grayLight`
`@navbarLinkColorHover`	`@white`

Izifunda zefomu nezexwayiso

`@warningText`	#c09853
`@warningBackground`	#f3edd2
`@errorText`	#b94a48
`@errorBackground`	#f2dede
`@successText`	#468847
`@successBackground`	#dff0d8
`@infoText`	#3a87ad
`@infoBackground`	#d9edf7

Mayelana nama-mixins

Izingxube eziyisisekelo

I-mixin eyisisekelo empeleni ihlanganisa noma ingxenye yamazwibela e-CSS. Abhalwe njengekilasi le-CSS futhi angabizwa noma yikuphi.

. isici {
  . clearfix ();
}

Izingxube zeParametric

Ingxube yepharamitha ifana nje ne-mixin eyisisekelo, kodwa futhi yamukela amapharamitha (yingakho igama) elinamanani azenzakalelayo ongawakhetha.

. isici {
  . umngcele - irediyasi ( 4px );
}

Engeza eyakho kalula

Nearly all of Bootstrap's mixins are stored in mixins.less, a wonderful utility .less file that enables you to use a mixin in any of the .less files in the toolkit.

So, go ahead and use the existing ones or feel free to add your own as you need.

Included mixins

Utilities

Mixin	Parameters	Usage
`.clearfix()`	none	Add to any parent to clear floats within
`.tab-focus()`	none	Apply the Webkit focus style and round Firefox outline
`.center-block()`	none	Auto center a block-level element using `margin: auto`
`.ie7-inline-block()`	none	Use in addition to regular `display: inline-block` to get IE7 support
`.size()`	`@height: 5px, @width: 5px`	Quickly set the height and width on one line
`.square()`	`@size: 5px`	Builds on `.size()` to set the width and height as same value
`.opacity()`	`@opacity: 100`	Set, in whole numbers, the opacity percentage (e.g., "50" or "75")

Forms

Mixin	Parameters	Usage
`.placeholder()`	`@color: @placeholderText`	Set the `placeholder` text color for inputs

Typography

Mixin	Parameters	Usage
`#font > #family > .serif()`	none	Make an element use a serif font stack
`#font > #family > .sans-serif()`	none	Make an element use a sans-serif font stack
`#font > #family > .monospace()`	none	Make an element use a monospace font stack
`#font > .shorthand()`	`@size: @baseFontSize, @weight: normal, @lineHeight: @baseLineHeight`	Easily set font size, weight, and leading
`#font > .serif()`	`@size: @baseFontSize, @weight: normal, @lineHeight: @baseLineHeight`	Set font family to serif, and control size, weight, and leading
`#font > .sans-serif()`	`@size: @baseFontSize, @weight: normal, @lineHeight: @baseLineHeight`	Set font family to sans-serif, and control size, weight, and leading
`#font > .monospace()`	`@size: @baseFontSize, @weight: normal, @lineHeight: @baseLineHeight`	Set font family to monospace, and control size, weight, and leading

Grid system

Mixin	Parameters	Usage
`.container-fixed()`	none	Create a horizontally centered container for holding your content
`#grid > .core()`	`@gridColumnWidth, @gridGutterWidth`	Generate a pixel grid system (container, row, and columns) with n columns and x pixel wide gutter
`#grid > .fluid()`	`@fluidGridColumnWidth, @fluidGridGutterWidth`	Generate a precent grid system with n columns and x % wide gutter

CSS3 properties

Mixin	Parameters	Usage
`.border-radius()`	`@radius: 5px`	Round the corners of an element. Can be a single value or four space-separated values
`.box-shadow()`	`@shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.25)`	Add a drop shadow to an element
`.transition()`	`@transition`	Add CSS3 transition effect (e.g., `all .2s linear`)
`.rotate()`	`@degrees`	Rotate an element n degrees
`.scale()`	`@ratio`	Scale an element to n times its original size
`.translate()`	`@x: 0, @y: 0`	Move an element on the x and y planes
`.background-clip()`	`@clip`	Crop the background of an element (useful for `border-radius`)
`.background-size()`	`@size`	Control the size of background images via CSS3
`.box-sizing()`	`@boxmodel`	Change the box model for an element (e.g., `border-box` for a full-width `input`)
`.user-select()`	`@select`	Control cursor selection of text on a page
`.resizable()`	`@direction: both`	Make any element resizable on the right and bottom
`.content-columns()`	`@columnCount, @columnGap: @gridColumnGutter`	Make the content of any element use CSS3 columns

Backgrounds and gradients

Mixin	Parameters	Usage
`#translucent > .background()`	`@color: @white, @alpha: 1`	Give an element a translucent background color
`#translucent > .border()`	`@color: @white, @alpha: 1`	Give an element a translucent border color
`#gradient > .vertical()`	`@startColor, @endColor`	Create a cross-browser vertical background gradient
`#gradient > .horizontal()`	`@startColor, @endColor`	Create a cross-browser horizontal background gradient
`#gradient > .directional()`	`@startColor, @endColor, @deg`	Create a cross-browser directional background gradient
`#gradient > .vertical-three-colors()`	`@startColor, @midColor, @colorStop, @endColor`	Create a cross-browser three-color background gradient
`#gradient > .radial()`	`@innerColor, @outerColor`	Create a cross-browser radial background gradient
`#gradient > .striped()`	`@color, @angle`	Create a cross-browser striped background gradient
`#gradientBar()`	`@primaryColor, @secondaryColor`	Used for buttons to assign a gradient and slightly darker border

Note: If you're submitting a pull request to GitHub with modified CSS, you must recompile the CSS via any of these methods.

Tools for compiling

Node with makefile

Install the LESS command line compiler and uglify-js globally with npm by running the following command:

$ npm install -g less uglify-js

Once installed just run make from the root of your bootstrap directory and you're all set.

Additionally, if you have watchr installed, you may run make watch to have bootstrap automatically rebuilt every time you edit a file in the bootstrap lib (this isn't required, just a convenience method).

Command line

Install the LESS command line tool via Node and run the following command:

$ lessc ./lib/bootstrap.less > bootstrap.css

Be sure to include --compress in that command if you're trying to save some bytes!

Javascript

Download the latest Less.js and include the path to it (and Bootstrap) in the <head>.

<link rel="stylesheet/less" href="/path/to/bootstrap.less">
<script src="/path/to/less.js"></script>

To recompile the .less files, just save them and reload your page. Less.js compiles them and stores them in local storage.

Unofficial Mac app

The unofficial Mac app watches directories of .less files and compiles the code to local files after every save of a watched .less file.

If you like, you can toggle preferences in the app for automatic minifying and which directory the compiled files end up in.

Yakhiwe nge-LESS