Xirhendzevutana xa xirhendzevutani

Ku endliwa ka swigolonyana

Bootstrap yi akiwile eka tigridi ta tikholomu ta 12 leti hlamulaka, swivumbeko, na swiphemu.

Swiyimiso swa misava hinkwayo

Swi lava HTML5 doctype

Bootstrap yi tirhisa swiaki swo karhi swa HTML na swihlawulekisi swa CSS leswi lavaka ku tirhisiwa ka HTML5 doctype. Yi katse eku sunguleni ka tiphurojeke ta wena hinkwato.

  1. <!XITLHOKOVETSELO XA html>
  2. <html lang = "xitsonga" > 
  3.   ...
  4. </html>

Thayipo na swihlanganisi

Bootstrap yi veka nkombiso wa masungulo wa misava hinkwayo, thayipo, na switayele swa vuhlanganisi. Hi ku kongoma, hi:

  • Susa marginehenhla ka miri
  • Seta background-color: white;eka ...body
  • Tirhisa swihlawulekisi swa @baseFontFamily, @baseFontSize, na @baseLineHeighttanihi xisekelo xa hina xa ku thayipa
  • Seta muvala wa xihlanganisi xa misava hinkwayo hi ku tirhisa @linkColorivi u tirhisa switsalo swa xihlanganisi ntsena eka:hover

Switayili leswi swi nga kumeka endzeni ka scaffolding.less .

Seta nakambe hi ku tirhisa Normalize

Hi Bootstrap 2, xibokisana xa khale xo tlherisela endzhaku xi hoxiwile ku seketela Normalize.css , phurojeke ya Nicolas Gallagher na Jonathan Neal leyi tlhelaka yi nyika matimba eka HTML5 Boilerplate . Loko hi tirhisa swo tala swa Normalize endzeni ka reset.less ya hina , hi susile swiaki swin’wana hi ku kongoma eka Bootstrap.

Endlelo ra gridi ra xiviri

Xikombiso xa gridi leyi hanyaka

The default Bootstrap grid system utilizes 12 columns , leswi endlaka leswaku ku va na xigwitsirisi xo anama xa 940px handle ka swihlawulekisi swo hlamula leswi tirhisiweke. Hi fayili ya CSS leyi hlamulaka leyi engeteriweke, gridi yi cinca ku va 724px na 1170px hi ku anama ku ya hi viewport ya wena. Ehansi ka 767px viewports, tikholomu ti hundzuka fluid naswona ti stack vertically.

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HTML ya gridi ya xisekelo

Ku kuma xivumbeko xo olova xa tikholomu timbirhi, endla a .rowivi u engetela nhlayo leyi faneleke ya .span*tikholomu. Tanihi leswi leyi ku nga gridi ya tikholomu ta 12, yin’wana ni yin’wana .span*yi hlanganisa nhlayo ya tikholomu toleto ta 12, naswona minkarhi hinkwayo yi fanele yi hlanganisa ku fika eka 12 eka layini yin’wana ni yin’wana (kumbe nhlayo ya tikholomu eka mutswari).

  1. <div tlilasi = "layini" > 
  2.   <div tlilasi = "span4" > ... </div> 
  3.   <div tlilasi = "span8" > ... </div> 
  4. </div>

Loko hi nyikiwa xikombiso lexi, hi na .span4na .span8, ku endla 12 wa tikholomu hinkwato na layini leyi heleleke.

Ku tlherisela endzhaku tikholomu

Susa tikholomu exineneni hi ku tirhisa .offset*titlilasi. Tlilasi yin’wana ni yin’wana yi engetela margin ya ximatsi ya kholomo hi kholomo hinkwayo. Hi xikombiso, .offset4yi famba .span4ehenhla ka tikholomu ta mune.

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3 ku tlheriseriwa endzhaku 2
3 ku tlheriseriwa endzhaku 1
3 ku tlheriseriwa endzhaku 2
6 ku tlheriseriwa endzhaku 3 
  1. <div tlilasi = "layini" > 
  2.   <div tlilasi = "span4" > ... </div> 
  3.   <div tlilasi = "span3 offset2" > ... </div> 
  4. </div>

Tikholomu to endla swisaka

Ku hlanganisa nhundzu ya wena hi gridi ya ntolovelo, engetela leyintshwa .rowna sete ya .span*tikholomu endzeni ka .span*kholomo leyi nga kona. Tilayini leti pfanganisiweke ti fanele ku katsa sete ya tikholomu leti hlanganisaka nhlayo ya tikholomu ta mutswari wa yona.

Kholomo ya Level 1
Xiyimo xa 2
Xiyimo xa 2 
  1. <div tlilasi = "layini" > 
  2.   < tlilasi ya div = "span9" > 
  3.     Kholomo ya Level 1
  4.     <div tlilasi = "layini" > 
  5.       <div class = "span6" > Xiyimo xa 2 </div> 
  6.       <div class = "span3" > Xiyimo xa 2 </div> 
  7.     </div>
  8.   </div>
  9. </div>

Endlelo ra giridi ya mati

Xikombiso xa gridi ya mati lama hanyaka

Endlelo ra giridi ya mati ri tirhisa tiphesente ematshan’weni ya tipikseli eka ku anama ka tikholomu. Yi na vuswikoti byo hlamula byo fana na sisiteme ya hina ya giridi leyi nga cinciki, ku tiyisisa swipimelo leswi faneleke swa swiboho swa xikirini xa nkoka na switirhisiwa.

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Gridi ya mati ya xisekelo HTML

Endla layini yihi na yihi "fluid" hi ku cinca .rowyi va .row-fluid. Titlilasi ta tikholomu ti tshama ti ri tano hi ku kongoma, leswi endlaka leswaku swi olova ku rhendzeleka exikarhi ka tigridi leti nga cinciki ni leti khulukaka.

  1. <div class = "xigwitsirisi xa layini" > 
  2.   <div tlilasi = "span4" > ... </div> 
  3.   <div tlilasi = "span8" > ... </div> 
  4. </div>

Ku tlheriseriwa ka mati

Yi tirha hi ndlela leyi fanaka na ku tlheriseriwa ka sisiteme ya gridi leyi nga cinciki: engetela .offset*eka kholomo yihi na yihi ku tlheriseriwa hi tikholomu to tala swonghasi.

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4 ku tlheriseriwa endzhaku 4
3 ku tlheriseriwa endzhaku 3
3 ku tlheriseriwa endzhaku 3
6 ku tlheriseriwa endzhaku 6 
  1. <div class = "xigwitsirisi xa layini" > 
  2.   <div tlilasi = "span4" > ... </div> 
  3.   <div tlilasi = "span4 offset2" > ... </div> 
  4. </div>

Ku endla swisaka swa mati

Ti grids ta fluid ti tirhisa nesting hindlela yohambana: levele yin’wana na yin’wana ya nested ya tikholomu yifanele ku engetela kuya fika eka 12 wa tikholomu. Leswi swi vangiwa hikuva gridi ya fluid yi tirhisa tiphesente, ku nga ri tipikseli, ku veka ku anama.

Xihalaki 12
Xihalaki 6
Xihalaki 6
Xihalaki 6
Xihalaki 6 
  1. <div class = "xigwitsirisi xa layini" > 
  2.   < tlilasi ya div = "span12" > 
  3.     Xihalaki 12
  4.     <div class = "xigwitsirisi xa layini" > 
  5.       < tlilasi ya div = "span6" > 
  6.         Xihalaki 6
  7.         <div class = "xigwitsirisi xa layini" > 
  8.           <div class = "span6" > Xihalaki xa 6 </div> 
  9.           <div class = "span6" > Xihalaki xa 6 </div> 
  10.         </div>
  11.       </div>
  12.       <div class = "span6" > Xihalaki xa 6 </div> 
  13.     </div>
  14.   </div>
  15. </div>

Swivumbeko swa swilo

Xivumbeko lexi nga cinciki

Yi nyika xivumbeko lexi tolovelekeke xa ku anama loku nga cinciki (naswona loku hlamulaka hi ku hlawula) <div class="container">loku lavekaka ntsena.

  1. <miri>
  2.   <div class = "xigwitsirisi" > 
  3.     ...
  4.   </div>
  5. </body>

Xivumbeko xa mati

Endla tluka leri khulukaka, ra tikholomu timbirhi leri nga na <div class="container-fluid">—great for applications and docs.

  1. <div class = "xigwitsirisi-xigwitsirisi" > 
  2.   <div class = "xigwitsirisi xa layini" > 
  3.     <div  tlilasi ya div = "span2" >
  4.       <!--Nhundzu ya le tlhelo-->
  5.     </div>
  6.     <div  tlilasi ya div = "span10" >
  7.       <!--Nhundzu ya miri-->
  8.     </div>
  9.   </div>
  10. </div>

Dizayini leyi hlamulaka

Ku endla leswaku ku va ni swivumbeko leswi hlamulaka

Vulavula hi CSS leyi hlamulaka eka phurojeke ya wena hi ku katsa meta tag leyi faneleke na xitayili xo engetela endzeni ka<head> ya tsalwa ra wena. Loko u hlengeletile Bootstrap ku suka eka tluka ra Customize, u fanele ku katsa ntsena meta tag.

  1. <meta name = "viewport" content = "ku anama=ku anama ka xitirhisiwa, xikalo xo sungula=1.0".   >
  2. <link href = "nhundzu/css/bootstrap-responsive.css" rel = "xiphephana xa xitayili" >

Tinhloko ti tlakukile!Bootstrap a yi katsi swihlawulekisi swo hlamula hi ku tiyimisela eka nkarhi lowu tanihileswi ku nga riki hinkwaswo leswi lavaka ku hlamula. Ematshan’weni yo khutaza vaendli va swilo leswaku va susa xivumbeko lexi, hi swi ehleketa kahle ku xi endla xi tirha hilaha swi lavekaka hakona.

Malunghana na Bootstrap leyi hlamulaka

Switirhisiwa leswi hlamulaka

Swivutiso swa midiya swi pfumelela CSS ya ntolovelo leyi sekeriweke eka swiyimo swo hlayanyana—swiringaniso, ku anama, muxaka wa nkombiso, na swin’wana—kambe hi ntolovelo swi kongomisa ku rhendzela min-widthna max-width.

  • Cinca ku anama ka kholomo eka giridi ya hina
  • Stack elements ematshan’wini yo papamala kun’wana na kun’wana laha swi lavekaka kona
  • Cinca sayizi ya tinhloko-mhaka ni matsalwa leswaku swi faneleka swinene eka switirhisiwa

Tirhisa swivutiso swa vuhangalasi bya mahungu hi vutihlamuleri naswona ntsena tanihi masungulo eka vayingiseri va wena va tiselfoni. Eka tiphurojeke letikulu, endla anakanya hi swisekelo swa khodi leswi tinyiketeleke ku nga ri swiphemu swa swivutiso swa vuhangalasi bya mahungu.

Switirhisiwa leswi seketeriwaka

Bootstrap yi seketela swivutiso swo hlayanyana swa midiya eka fayili yin’we ku pfuneta ku endla leswaku tiphurojeke ta wena ti faneleka swinene eka switirhisiwa swo hambana na swiboho swa xikirini. Hi leswi swi katsekaka:

Lebulu Ku anama ka layout Ku anama ka kholomo Ku anama ka gutter
Xikombiso lexikulu 1200px ku ya ehenhla 70px 30px
Ku tlula 980px ku ya ehenhla 60px 20px
Swiphepherhele swa swifaniso 768px na le henhla 42px 20px
Tifoni ku ya eka tithebulete 767px na le hansi Tikholomu ta mati, ku hava ku anama loku nga cinciki
Tifoni 480px na le hansi Tikholomu ta mati, ku hava ku anama loku nga cinciki 
  1. /* Desktop leyikulu */
  2. @media ( min -ku anama : 1200px ) { ... }.     
  3.  
  4. /* Xifaniso xa thebulete eka landscape na desktop */
  5. @media ( min - width : 768px ) na ( max - width : 979px ) { ... }.        
  6.  
  7. /* Foni ya landscape ku ya eka thebulete ya xifaniso */
  8. @media ( max -ku anama : 767px ) { ... }.     
  9.  
  10. /* Tifoyini ta landscape na le hansi */
  11. @media ( max -ku anama : 480px ) { ... }.

Titlilasi ta vukorhokeri leti hlamulaka

Ku kuma nhluvukiso wo hatlisa lowu nga na xinghana eka tiselfoni, tirhisa titlilasi leti ta vukorhokeri byo kombisa na ku tumbeta swilo hi xitirhisiwa. Laha hansi ku na tafula ra titlilasi leti nga kona na vuyelo bya tona eka xivumbeko xa xivutiso xa midiya lexi nyikiweke (lexi leteriweke hi xitirhisiwa). Swi nga kumeka eka responsive.less.

Tlilasi Tifoni767px na le hansi Tiphilisi979px ku ya eka 768px TidesktopKu tlula
.visible-phone Swi vonaka
.visible-tablet Swi vonaka
.visible-desktop Swi vonaka
.hidden-phone Swi vonaka Swi vonaka
.hidden-tablet Swi vonaka Swi vonaka
.hidden-desktop Swi vonaka Swi vonaka

Xana u fanele u tirhisa rini

Tirhisa hi mpimo lowu pimiweke naswona papalata ku endla vuhundzuluxeri lebyi hambaneke hi ku helela bya sayiti yin’we. Ematshan’weni ya sweswo, ti tirhise leswaku u tatisa ndlela leyi xitirhisiwa xin’wana ni xin’wana xi vulavulaka ha yona. Switirhisiwa leswi hlamulaka a swi fanelanga ku tirhisiwa na matafula, naswona tanihi leswi a swi seketeriwi.

Mhaka ya xikambelo xa switirhisiwa leswi hlamulaka

Cinca sayizi ya browser ya wena kutani u layicha eka switirhisiwa swo hambana-hambana leswaku u ringeta titlilasi leti nga laha henhla.

Swi vonaka eka...

Swikombiso swa rihlaza swi kombisa leswaku tlilasi ya vonaka eka xivono xa wena xa sweswi.

  • Riqingho✔ Foni
  • Xiphepherhele xa✔ Xiphepherhele
  • Desktop ya le henhla✔ Xitirhisiwa xa le desktop

Ku fihliwile eka...

Laha, swikombiso swa rihlaza swi kombisa leswaku tlilasi yi fihliwile eka xivono xa wena xa sweswi.

  • Riqingho✔ Foni
  • Xiphepherhele xa✔ Xiphepherhele
  • Desktop ya le henhla✔ Xitirhisiwa xa le desktop