Taariikhda

Maalmihii hore ee Twitter-ka, injineeradu waxay isticmaaleen ku dhawaad ​​maktabad kasta oo ay yaqaaneen si ay u buuxiyaan shuruudaha dhammaadka hore. Bootstrap waxay ku bilaabatay sidii ay uga jawaabi lahayd caqabadaha soo bandhigay iyo horumarka si dhakhso leh loo dardar geliyay intii lagu jiray Hackweek-kii ugu horreeyay ee Twitter.

Caawinta iyo jawaab celinta injineero badan oo ka tirsan Twitter, Bootstrap si weyn ayuu u koray si uu u koobo kaliya qaababka aasaasiga ah, laakiin aad u qurux badan oo waara qaababka naqshadeynta dhamaadka-dhamaadka.

Wax badan ka sii akhri dev.twitter.com ›

Taageerada browserka

Bootstrap waa la tijaabiyay oo lagu taageeraa daalacashada casriga ah ee waaweyn sida Chrome, Safari, Internet Explorer, iyo Firefox.

• Safari ugu dambeeyay
• Google Chrome ka ugu dambeeyay
• Firefox 4+
• Internet Explorer 7+
• Opera 11

Maxaa ka mid ah

Bootstrap wuxuu la imanayaa iyadoo dhamaystiran CSS la soo ururiyey, aan la soo ururin, iyo tusaalayaal tusaale.

• Dhammaan faylasha asalka ah
• CSS si buuxda loo diyaariyey oo la yareeyey
• Buuxi dukumeenti hanuuniye
• Tusaalaha qaabka bogga (wax badan ayaa dhawaan iman doona)

Shabakadda asalka ah

Nidaamka shabagga caadiga ah ee lagu bixiyo qayb ka mid ah Bootstrap waa 940px ballaaran oo 16-column ah. Waa dhadhan habka caanka ah ee 960, laakiin iyada oo aan lahayn margin/padding dheeraad ah ee dhinaca bidix iyo midig.

Tusaalaha calaamadaynta grid

Sida halkan ku cad, qaabayn aasaasi ah ayaa lagu abuuri karaa laba "tiir", mid kastaa wuxuu ka kooban yahay tiro ka mid ah 16-ka tiir ee aasaasiga ah ee aan ku qeexnay qayb ka mid ah nidaamkayaga qulqulka. Kala duwanaansho badan ka eeg tusaalayaasha hoose.

<div class = " saf" > 
  <div class = "span6 columns" > 
    ...
  </div>
  <div class = "span10 tiirar" > 
    ...
  </div>
</div>

Qaab go'an

Qaabka caadiga ah oo fudud ee 940px-ballaaran, qaabaynta xuddun u ah kaliya degel kasta ama bog uu bixiyo hal <div.container>.

<jir>
  <div class = "konteenar" > 
    ...
  </div>
</body>

Qaabka dareeraha

Beddel, qaab dhismeedka dareeraha dabacsan oo leh min-iyo ugu badan ballac iyo bar dhinaca bidix ah. Ku fiican apps iyo dukumentiyada.

<jir>
  <div class = "container-fluid" > 
    <div class = "sidebar" > 
      ...
    </div>
    <div class = "content" > 
      ...
    </div>
  </div>
</body>

Ciwaanka & koobiga

Heerarka qoraalka caadiga ah ee qaabaynta boggaga internetka.

Isku-xidhka qoraalka oo dhan wuxuu ku salaysan yahay laba doorsoomayaal ka yar oo ku jira faylkayaga preboot.less: @basefontiyo @baseline. Midka koowaad waa cabbirka font-saldhigga ee la isticmaalo oo dhan kan labaadna waa dhererka xarriiqda saldhigga.

Waxaan isticmaalnaa doorsoomayaashaas, iyo xisaabta qaar, si aan u abuurno xad-dhaafka, suufka, iyo dhererka-line ee dhammaan noocyadayada iyo in ka badan.

h1. Ciwaanka 1

h2. Ciwaanka 2

h3. Ciwaanka 3

h4. Ciwaanka 4

h5. Ciwaanka 5

h6. Ciwaanka 6

Tusaalaha cutubka

Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus iyo magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.

Tusaalaha ciwaanka waxa uu leeyahay ciwaan hoose...

Kala duwan curiyayaasha

Isticmaalka xoojinta, ciwaannada, & soo gaabinta

<strong> <em> <address> <abbr>

Marka la isticmaalo

Calaamadaha xoogga la saarayo ( <strong>iyo <em>) waa in loo adeegsadaa si loo muujiyo muhiimad dheeri ah ama xooga la saarayo kelmad ama weedh marka loo eego koobiga ku xeeran. U isticmaal muhiimada <strong>iyo xooga saarista.<em>

Xooga saarida cutubka

Fusce dapibus , tellus ac cursus commodo , tortor mauris condimentum nibh , ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus. Maecenas faucibus mollis interdum. Nulla vitae elit libero, a pharetra augue.

Fiiro gaar ah: Weli waa caadi in HTML5 lagu isticmaalo <b>oo <i>lagu calaamadiyo mana aha in loo qaabeeyo geesinimo iyo fartaag, siday u kala horreeyaan (inkasta oo haddii ay jirto qayb semantic dheeraad ah, isticmaal). <b>waxaa loola jeedaa in lagu muujiyo ereyada ama odhaahyada iyada oo aan la gudbin muhiimad dheeraad ah, halka <i>inta badan loogu talagalay cod, ereyo farsamo, iwm.

Cinwaanada

Cunsurka <address>waxaa loo isticmaalaa macluumaadka xiriirka ee awoowaha ugu dhow, ama dhammaan jirka shaqada. Waa kan sida ay u egtahay:

Fiiro gaar ah: Xariiq kasta oo ku dhex jira <address>waa in uu ku dhamaadaa xariiq jebin ( <br />) ama lagu duuduubo summada heerka block (tusaale, <p>) si si habboon loogu habeeyo waxa ku jira.

Soo gaabinta

Soo gaabinta iyo gaabinnada, isticmaal <abbr>summada ( <acronym>waxaa laga saaray HTML5 ). Geli foomka gacanta gaaban gudaha summada oo u deji cinwaan magaca oo dhammaystiran.

Xigashooyinka

<blockquote> <p> <small>

Sida loo soo xigtay

Si loogu daro blockquote, <blockquote>ku duub <p>oo <small>tag Isticmaal <small>walxaha si aad u sheegtid ishaada oo waxaad heli doontaa em dash —ka hor.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante venenatis dapibus posuere velit aliquet.

Dr. Julius Hibbert

Aan la dalban<ul>

• Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
• Consectetur adipiscing elit
• Integer molestie lorem at massa
• Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
• Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
  • Phasellus iaculis neque
  • Purus sodales ultricies
  • Vestibulum laoreet porttitor sem
  • Ac tristique libero volutpat at
• Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
• Aenean sit amet erat nunc
• Eget porttitor lorem

Aan habayn<ul.unstyled>

• Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
• Consectetur adipiscing elit
• Integer molestie lorem at massa
• Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
• Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
  • Phasellus iaculis neque
  • Purus sodales ultricies
  • Vestibulum laoreet porttitor sem
  • Ac tristique libero volutpat at
• Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
• Aenean sit amet erat nunc
• Eget porttitor lorem

Dalbaday<ol>

1. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
2. Consectetur adipiscing elit
3. Integer molestie lorem at massa
4. Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
5. Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
6. Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
7. Aenean sit amet erat nunc
8. Eget porttitor lorem

Sharaxaadadl

Liiska sharraxaadda

Liiska sharraxaadda ayaa ku habboon qeexida ereyada.

Euismod

Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.

Donec id un mi porta gravida iyo eget metus.

Malesuada porta

Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.

Miisaska dhismaha

<table> <thead> <tbody> <tr> <th> <td> <colspan> <caption>

Miisaska ayaa ku fiican - waxyaabo badan. Miisaska waaweyn, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay u baahan yihiin xoogaa jacayl ah si ay u noqdaan kuwo faa'iido leh, la cabbiri karo, oo la akhriyi karo (heerka koodhka). Halkan waxaa ah dhowr tilmaamood oo lagu caawinayo.

Had iyo jeer ku duub madaxyada tiirkaaga si <thead>ay u kala sarreyso <thead>> <tr>> <th>.

Si la mid ah madaxyada tiirarka, dhammaan waxyaabaha ku jira miiskaaga waa in lagu duuduubaa <tbody>si kala sareyntaadu u noqoto <tbody>> <tr>> <td>.

Tusaale: Qaababka miiska caadiga ah

Miisaska oo dhan si toos ah ayaa loo qaabayn doonaa iyada oo leh kaliya xuduudaha muhiimka ah si loo hubiyo in la akhriyi karo oo loo ilaaliyo qaabdhismeedka. Looma baahna in lagu daro fasalo ama astaamo dheeri ah.

<miiska>
  ...
</miiska>

Tusaale: Zebra-xariif ah

Wax yar ka hel miisaskaada adigoo ku daraya zebra-striping-kaliya ku dar .zebra-stripedfasalka.

Fiiro gaar ah: Zebra-striping waa kobcin horumarsan oo aan diyaar u ahayn daalacashada duugga ah sida IE8 iyo wixii ka hooseeya.

< class class = "zebra-stripped" > 
...
</miiska>

Tusaale: Zebra-xariif ah w/ TableSorter.js

Qaadashada tusaalihii hore, waxaan wanaajinaa faa'iidada miisaskayada annagoo siinaya kala soocida shaqeynta jQuery iyo plugin Tablesorter . Guji madaxa tiir kasta si aad u beddesho nooca

<script src = "js/jquery/jquery.tablesorter.min.js" >> script> 
<script > 
  $ ( shaqada () { 
    $ ( "miiska # kala-soocida Tusaalaha " ). tablesorter ({ sortList : [[ 1 , 0 ]] });  
  }
</script>
< class class = "zebra-stripped" > 
  ...
</miiska>

Qaababka asalka ah

Dhammaan foomamka waxaa lasiiyaa qaabab aan fiicneyn si ay ugu soo bandhigaan si la akhriyi karo oo la cabbiri karo. Qaababka waxaa loo bixiyaa gelinta qoraalka, liiska xulashada, meelaha qoraalka, badhamada raadiyaha iyo sanduuqyada hubinta, iyo badhamada.

Foomamka is dulsaaran

Ku dar .form-stackedHTML foomkaaga oo waxaad yeelan doontaa calaamado korka beerahooda halkii aad bidixda ka ahaan lahayd. Tani waxay si weyn u shaqeysaa haddii foomamkaagu ay gaaban yihiin ama aad leedahay laba tiir oo agabka foomamka culus.

Badhamada

Caadi ahaan, badhamada waxaa loo isticmaalaa ficilada halka xiriirinta loo isticmaalo walxaha. Tusaale ahaan, "Download" waxay noqon kartaa badhan iyo "waxqabadyadii dhawaa" waxay noqon kartaa xiriiriye.

Dhammaan badhamada waxay ku habboon yihiin qaab cawl khafiif ah, laakiin tiro ka mid ah fasallada shaqaynta ayaa lagu dabaqi karaa qaabab midab kala duwan. Fasaladaan waxaa ka mid ah .primaryfasalka buluuga ah, fasalka buluug khafiifka ah .info, fasalka cagaaran .success, iyo fasalka cas .danger. Waxaa dheer, in la rogrogo qaababkaaga waa sahlan tahay peasy.

Tusaalooyinka badhamada

Hababka badhanka waxaa lagu dabaqi karaa wax kasta oo la .btndabaqay. Caadi ahaan waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad kuwan ku dabaqdo oo keliya <a>, <button>oo dooro <input>curiyeyaasha. Waa kan sida ay u egtahay:

Cabbirrada kale

Ma jeceshahay badhamada waaweyn ama ka yar? Qabo!

Gobolka naafada

Badhamada aan shaqaynayn ama uu curyaamiyay abka hal sabab ama mid kale, isticmaal gobolka naafada ah. Taas waxaa loogu talagalay .disabledisku xirka iyo curiyeyaasha.:disabled<button>

Xiriirinta

Badhamada

Waa maxay

Barkeena sare waa baar go'an oo leh astaanta ama magaca degelka, navigation hoose, iyo foomka raadinta.

La beddeli karo

Dhammaan walxaha ku jira, iyo guud ahaan bar-sare sidoo kale, waa ikhtiyaari. Waxaad dooran kartaa inaad ku darto calaamad/magac, nav, goobitaan, iyo nav sare-ama mid kasta oo taas la mid ah.

Hoos u dhaca waxaa ka mid ahaa

Iyada oo qayb ka ah navigation-ka ugu weyn, waxaanu ku soo darnay awooda aad ku dari karto hoos u dhigista navkaaga. Fiiri qaybta sare ee sare (midig toosan) si aad u aragto sida loo sameeyay.

Tabs iyo kaniiniyo

Ku samee navigation sare fudud oo leh a <ul>. Isku beddesho tabs ama kaniiniyada adiga oo ku daraya fasalka ku habboon.

Ku fiican qaybaha hoose ee macluumaadka sida boggaga dejinta akoonnadayada iyo wakhtiyada isticmaalayaasha ee u dhexeeya boggaga waxyaabaha la midka ah. Lagu heli karo qaababka tabbed ama kaniiniga.

• Guriga
• Profile
• Fariimaha
• Dejinta
• Xiriir
• Hoos u dhigid
  • Isku xirka sare
  • Wax kale halkan
  • Xiriir kale

<ul class = "tabs" > 
  <li class = "firfircoon" ><a href = "#" > Guriga </a></li>  
  <li><a href = "#" > Profile </a></li> 
  <li><a href = "#" > Farriimaha </a></li> 
  <li><a href = "#" > Dejinta </a></li> 
  <li><a href = "#" > La xidhiidh </a></li> 
</ul>

• Guriga
• Profile
• Fariimaha
• Dejinta
• Xiriir

<ul class = "kiniiniyada" > 
  <li class = "firfircoon" ><a href = "#" > Guriga </a></li>  
  <li><a href = "#" > Profile </a></li> 
  <li><a href = "#" > Farriimaha </a></li> 
  <li><a href = "#" > Dejinta </a></li> 
  <li><a href = "#" > La xidhiidh </a></li> 
</ul>

Pagination

aadka u fudud oo qaab yar u qaabaysan bogga Rdio. Baloogga weyni way adag tahay in la waayo, si fudud ayaa loo miisaami karaa, wuxuuna bixiyaa meelo badan oo gujis ah.

<div class = "pagination" > 
  <ul>
    <li class = "prev disabled" ><a href = "#" > ← Hore </a></li>  
    <li class = "firfircoon" ><a href = "#" > 1 </a></li>  
    <li><a href = "#" > 2 </a></li> 
    <li><a href = "#" > 3 </a></li> 
    <li><a href = "#" > 4 ​​</a></li> 
    <li><a href = "#" > 5 </a></li> 
    <li class = "next" ><a href = "#" > Xiga → </a></li>  
  </ul>
</div>

Digniinaha aasaasiga ah

div.alert-message

Fariimo hal sadar ah oo loogu talagalay muujinta guul-darrada, guul-darrida suurtagalka ah, ama guusha ficilka. Gaar ahaan faa'iido u leh foomamka.

Jooji fariimaha

div.alert-message.block-message

Farriimaha u baahan sharraxaad yar, waxaan haynaa digniinaha qaabka cutubka. Kuwani waxay ku fiican yihiin buunbuuninta farriimaha khaldan ee dheer, uga digaya isticmaalaha ficil la sugayo, ama kaliya soo bandhigida macluumaadka si xooga loo saaro bogga.

Hababka

Hababka — wada-hadallada ama sanduuqyada iftiinka - waxay ku fiican yihiin ficillada macnaha guud ee xaaladaha ay muhiim tahay in macnaha asalka ah la ilaaliyo.

Tilmaamaha Qalabka

Twipsies aad bay faa'iido ugu leedahay caawinta isticmaale wareersan oo u tilmaama jihada saxda ah.

Popovers

Isticmaal popovers si aad u siiso macluumaadka qoraal-hoosaad bogga adiga oo aan saameyn ku yeelan qaabka.

Bootstrap waxaa lagu dhisay Preboot , xirmo il furan oo isku darka ah iyo doorsoomayaasha si loogu isticmaalo in ay la socoto Wax ka yar , horudhac CSS ah oo loogu talagalay horumarinta shabakadda si dhakhso leh oo sahlan.

Fiiri sida aan ugu isticmaalnay Preboot gudaha Bootstrap iyo sida aad uga faa'iidaysan karto haddii aad doorato inaad wax ka yar ka waddo mashruucaaga xiga.

Sida loo isticmaalo

Isticmaal doorashadan si aad si buuxda ugu isticmaasho Bootstrap's Yar doorsoomayaasha, isku darka, iyo buulka CSS adiga oo isticmaalaya javascript ee browserkaaga.

<link rel = "stylesheet/less" href = " less/bootstrap.less" media = "all" />    
<script src = "js/less-1.1.3.min.js" </script> 

Ma dareemaysid xalka .js? Isku day app ka yar Mac ama isticmaal Node.js si aad u ururiso marka aad geyso koodka.

Maxaa ka mid ah

Waa kuwan qaar ka mid ah waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan ee lagu daray Bootstrap Twitter-ka oo qayb ka ah Bootstrap. U gudub bogga Bootstrap ama bogga mashruuca Github si aad u soo dejiso oo aad wax badan uga barato.

Kala duwanaansho

Doorsoomayaasha in ka yar waxay ku fiican yihiin ilaalinta iyo cusboonaysiinta madax xanuunkaaga CSS ee bilaashka ah. Marka aad rabto inaad bedesho qiimaha midabka ama qiimaha inta badan la isticmaalo, ku cusboonaysii hal meel oo aad dejisay.

// Xiriirinta
@linkColor : #8b59c2;         
@linkColorHover :     madow ( @linkColor , 10 ); 
 
// Grays
@madow : # 000;             
@grayDark : khafiif (           @madow , 25 %); 
@cawlan : khafiif (               @madow , 50 %); 
@grayLight :          iftiimi ( @madow , 70 %); 
@grayLighter :        iftiimi ( @madow , 90 %); 
@cad : #ff;             
 
// Midabada Lahjadda
@buluug : #08b5fb;              
@ cagaar : # 46a546 ;             
@cas : #9d261d;               
@jaalle : #ffc40d;            
@orange : #f89406;            
@casaan : #c3325f;              
@purple : #7a43b6;            
 
// Shabakadda aasaasiga ah
@bamant : 13px ;          
@saldhig : 18px ;          

Faallo

In ka yar ayaa sidoo kale bixisa qaab kale oo wax looga sheego marka lagu daro /* ... */ereyga caadiga ah ee CSS.

// Tani waa faallo
/* Tani sidoo kale waa faallo */

Isku qas wazoo

Mixins asal ahaan waxaa ka mid ah ama qaybo ka mid ah CSS, taas oo kuu oggolaanaysa inaad ku darto block of code mid. Waxay aad ugu fiican yihiin iibiyeyaasha guryaha hore loo sii dhigay sida box-shadow, jaangooyooyinka browser-ka-dhaafka ah, xirmooyinka xarfaha, iyo in ka badan. Hoos waxaa ah muunad ka mid ah isku darka ay ku jiraan Bootstrap.

Xarfaha xarfaha

# farta {
  . gacmo gaaban ( @miisaanka : caadiga ah , @size : 14px , @lineHeight : 20px ) {     
    font - cabbirka : @ size ; 
    font - miisaanka : @miisaanka ; 
    line - height : @lineHeight ; 
  }
  . sans - serif ( @miisaanka : caadiga ah , @size : 14px , @lineHeight : 20px ) {     
    font - qoyska : "Helvetica Neue" , ​​Helvetica , Arial , sans - serif ;   
    font - cabbirka : @ size ; 
    font - miisaanka : @miisaanka ; 
    line - height : @lineHeight ; 
  }
  . serif ( @miisaanka : caadiga ah , @size : 14px , @lineHeight : 20px ) {     
    font - qoyska : "Georgia" , Times New Roman , Times , sans - serif ;     
    font - cabbirka : @ size ; 
    font - miisaanka : @miisaanka ; 
    line - height : @lineHeight ; 
  }
  . monospace ( @miisaanka : caadiga ah , @size : 12px , @lineHeight : 20px ) {     
    font - qoyska : "Monaco" , Courier New , monospace ;   
    font - cabbirka : @ size ; 
    font - miisaanka : @miisaanka ; 
    line - height : @lineHeight ; 
  }
}

Gradients

#gradient {
  . jiif ( @startColor : #555, @endColor: #333) { 
    asalka - midabka : @endColor ; 
    gadaal - ku celi : ku celi - x ;
    asalka - sawirka : - khtml - gradient ( toosan , sare bidix , sare midig , laga bilaabo ( @startColor ), ilaa ( @endColor )); // Konqueror   
    asalka - sawirka : - moz - linear - gradient ( bidix , @startColor , @endColor ); // FF 3.6+    
    asalka - sawirka : - ms - linear - gradient ( bidix , @startColor , @endColor ); // IE10    
    asalka - sawirka : - xirmo shabakad - gradient ( toosan , sare bidix , sare midig , midabka - joogsiga ( 0 % , @startColor ), midabka - joogsiga ( 100 % , @endColor )); // Safari 4+, Chrome 2+    
    asalka - sawirka : - webkit - linear - gradient ( bidix , @startColor , @endColor ); // Safari 5.1+, Chrome 10+    
    asalka - sawirka : - o - toosan - gradient ( bidix , @startColor , @endColor ); // Opera 11.10    
    asalka - sawirka : toosan - gradient ( bidix , @startColor , @endColor ); // Le standard   
  }
  . toosan ( @startColor : #555, @endColor: #333) { 
    asalka - midabka : @endColor ; 
    gadaal - ku celi : ku celi - x ;
    asalka - sawirka : - khtml - gradient ( toosan , sare bidix , hoose bidix , laga bilaabo ( @startColor ), ilaa ( @endColor )); // Konqueror   
    asalka - sawirka : - moz - linear - gradient ( @startColor , @endColor ); // FF 3.6+   
    asalka - sawirka : - ms - linear - gradient ( @startColor , @endColor ); // IE10   
    asalka - sawirka : - webkit - gradient ( toosan , sare bidix , hoose bidix , midabka - joogsiga ( 0 % , @startColor ), midabka - joogsiga ( 100 % , @endColor )); // Safari 4+, Chrome 2+    
    asalka - sawirka : - webkit - linear - gradient ( @startColor , @endColor ); // Safari 5.1+, Chrome 10+   
    asalka - sawirka : - o - linear - gradient ( @startColor , @endColor ); // Opera 11.10   
    asalka - sawirka : toosan - gradient ( @startColor , @endColor ); // Halbeegga  
  }
  . jihayn ( @startColor : #555, @endColor: #333, @deg: 45deg) { 
    ...
  }
  . toosan - saddex - midab ( @startColor : #00b3ee, @midColor: #7a43b6, @colorStop: 50%, @endColor: #c3325f) { 
    ...
  }
}

Hawlgallada iyo nidaamka grid

Noqo mid qurux badan oo samee xoogaa xisaab ah si aad u dhaliso isku-dhafan dabacsan oo awood leh sida kan hoose.

// Dhererka
@gridColumns : 16 ;       
@gridColumnWidth : 40px ;   
@gridGutterWidth : 20px ;   
@siteWidth : ( @gridColumns * @gridColumnWidth ) + ( @gridGutterWidth * ( @gridColumns - 1 ));                 
 
// Nidaamka Grid
. weel {
  ballac : @siteWidth ; 
  margin : 0 auto ;  
  . nadiifinta ();
}
. tiirarka ( @columnSpan : 1 ) {  
  ballac : ( @gridColumnWidth * @columnSpan ) + ( @gridGutterWidth * ( @columnSpan - 1 ));         
}
. offset ( @columnOffset : 1 ) {  
  margin - bidix : ( @gridColumnWidth * @columnOffset ) + ( @gridGutterWidth * ( @columnOffset - 1 )) + @extraSpace ;           
}