Bootstrap fɔ yuz

Skɔf we dɛn kin yuz fɔ mek skɔf

Bootstrap na wan we dɛn bil pan wan 12 kɔlɔm grid we de ansa. Wi dɔn inklud bak fiks- ɛn fluid-wid layout dɛn bays pan da sistɛm de.

Globɛl stayl dɛn fɔ CSS riset, taypografi, ɛn link dɛn

I nid fɔ gɛt HTML5 dɔktayp

Bootstrap de mek yus to HTML elemɛnt ɛn CSS prɔpati dɛn we nid fɔ yuz di HTML5 dokttayp. Mek shɔ se yu put am na di biginin fɔ ɛvri Bootstrapped pej na yu prɔjek.

  1. <!DƆKTAYP html>
  2. <html lang = "en" > 
  3.   ...
  4. </html> fɔ di wan dɛn we de

Taypografi ɛn link dɛn

Insay di scaffolding.less fayl, wi de sɛt di bɛsis glob ɔl displei, taypografi, ɛn link stayl dɛn. Speshali, wi:

  • Rimov di margin na di bɔdi
  • Set background-color: white;pan dibody
  • Yuz di @baseFontFamily, @baseFontSize, ɛn @baseLineHeightatribyut dɛn as wi taypografi bays
  • Set di global link kala via @linkColorɛn aplay link ɔndalayn dɛn nɔmɔ pan:hover

Riset via Nɔmalayz

As fɔ Bootstrap 2, di tradishɔnal CSS riset dɔn evolv fɔ mek yus to ɛlimɛnt dɛn frɔm Normalize.css , wan prɔjek we Nicolas Gallagher mek we de gi pawa bak to di HTML5 Boilerplate .

Yu kin stil fɛn di nyu riset na reset.less , bɔt wit bɔku ɛlimɛnt dɛn we dɛn dɔn pul fɔ mek i shɔt ɛn fɔ mek i kɔrɛkt.

Difɔlt grid sistem 12 kɔlɔm dɛn wit wan rispɔnsiv twist

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12 we de tɔk bɔt

Di difɔlt grid sistem we dɛn gi as pat pan Bootstrap na 940px-wayd, 12-kɔlɔm grid .

I gɛt bak 4 rispɔnsiv difrɛns fɔ difrɛn divays dɛn ɛn rizɔlt dɛn: fon, tablɛt pɔtrɛt, tablɛt land skay ɛn smɔl dɛsktɔp dɛn, ɛn big waydskrin dɛsktɔp dɛn.

  1. <div klas = "rɔw" > 
  2.   <div klas = "span4" > ... </div> 
  3.   <div klas = "span8" > ... </div> 
  4. </div> fɔ di wan dɛn we de

As wi sho ya, dɛn kin mek wan besik layout wit tu "kɔlɔm dɛn", ɛni wan pan dɛn de span wan nɔmba pan di 12 fawndeshɔn kɔlɔm dɛn we wi bin dɔn difayn as pat pan wi grid sistɛm.


Fɔ ɔfset kɔlɔm dɛn

4. Di wan dɛn we de
4 ɔfset 4. Di wan dɛn we de wok
3 ɔfset 3. Di wan dɛn we de wok
3 ɔfset 3. Di wan dɛn we de wok
8 ɔfset 4. Di wan dɛn we de wok 
  1. <div klas = "rɔw" > 
  2.   <div klas = "span4" > ... </div> 
  3.   <div klas = "span4 ɔfset4" > ... </div> 
  4. </div> fɔ di wan dɛn we de

Kɔlɔm dɛn we de mek dɛn nɛst

Wit di statik (nɔ-fluid) grid sistem na Bootstrap, nest izi. Fɔ nest yu kɔntinyu, jɔs ad nyu .rowɛn sɛt fɔ .span*kɔlɔm dɛn insay wan .span*kɔlɔm we dɔn de.

Ɛgzampul

Nested rows fɔ gɛt wan sɛt fɔ kɔlɔm dɛn we ad ɔp to di nɔmba fɔ di kɔlɔm dɛn fɔ in mama ɛn papa. Fɔ ɛgzampul, .span3dɛn fɔ put tu kɔlɔm dɛn we dɛn dɔn nɛst insay wan .span6.

Level 1 na di kɔlɔm
Lɛvul 2
Lɛvul 2 
  1. <div klas = "rɔw" > 
  2.   <div klas = "span12" > 
  3.     Level 1 na di kɔlɔm
  4.     <div klas = "rɔw" > 
  5.       <div klas = "span6" > Lɛvɛl 2 </div> 
  6.       <div klas = "span6" > Lɛvɛl 2 </div> 
  7.     </div> fɔ di wan dɛn we de
  8.   </div> fɔ di wan dɛn we de
  9. </div> fɔ di wan dɛn we de

Fluid grid sistem 12 rispɔnsiv, pasɛnt-bɛs kɔlɔm dɛn

Fluid kɔlɔm dɛn

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12 we de tɔk bɔt

Pasɛnt, nɔto piksɛl dɛn

Di fluid grid sistem de yuz pasɛnt fɔ kɔlɔm wit instead ɔf fiks piksɛl. I gɛt bak di sem rispɔnsiv vɛryushɔn dɛn lɛk wi fiks grid sistɛm, we de mek shɔ se dɛn gɛt di rayt prɔpɔshɔn fɔ di ki skrin rizɔlt ɛn divays dɛn.

Fluid row dɛn

Mek ɛni row fluid jɔs bay we yu chenj .rowto .row-fluid. Di kɔlɔn dɛn de de di sem, we de mek i supa stret fɔ flip bitwin fiks ɛn fluid layout dɛn.

Mak-ap fɔ di tin dɛn we de apin

  1. <div klas = "rɔw-fluid" > 
  2.   <div klas = "span4" > ... </div> 
  3.   <div klas = "span8" > ... </div> 
  4. </div> fɔ di wan dɛn we de

Fluid we de mek dɛn nɛst

Nest wit fluid grids difren likli: di nomba of nest kolm dεm nכ nid fכ mach di mama εn papa. Bifo dat, dɛn kin riset yu kɔlɔm dɛn na ɛni lɛvul bikɔs ɛni rɔw de tek 100% pan di mama ɛn papa kɔlɔm.

Fluid we de insay 12
Fluid we de insay 6
Fluid we de insay 6 
  1. <div klas = "rɔw-fluid" > 
  2.   <div klas = "span12" > 
  3.     Level 1 na di kɔlɔm
  4.     <div klas = "rɔw-fluid" > 
  5.       <div klas = "span6" > Lɛvɛl 2 </div> 
  6.       <div klas = "span6" > Lɛvɛl 2 </div> 
  7.     </div> fɔ di wan dɛn we de
  8.   </div> fɔ di wan dɛn we de
  9. </div> fɔ di wan dɛn we de

Grid kɔstɔmayshɔn

Di tin dɛn we kin chenj Difɔlt valyu Tɔk bɔt
@gridColumns 12 we de tɔk bɔt Nɔmba fɔ di kɔlɔm dɛn
@gridColumnWidth 60px na di pikchɔ Width fɔ ɛni kɔlɔm
@gridGutterWidth 20px we gɛt Negatif spes bitwin di kɔlɔm dɛn

Variables in LƐS

Dɛn bil insay Bootstrap na wan anful vɛriɔbul dɛn fɔ kɔstɔmayz di difɔlt 940px grid sistem, we dɛn dɔn rayt ɔp. Ɔl di vɛriɔbul dɛn fɔ di grid dɛn de kip insay vɛriɔbul dɛn.lɛs.

Aw fɔ kɔstɔmayt

Fɔ chenj di grid min fɔ chenj di tri @grid*vɛriɔbul dɛn ɛn fɔ kɔmpilayt bak Bootstrap. Chenj di grid vɛriɔbul dɛn insay vɛriɔbul dɛn.lɛs ɛn yuz wan pan di 4 we dɛn we dɛn dɔn dɔkyumɛnt fɔ kɔmpilayt bak . If yu de ad mɔ kɔlɔm dɛn, mek shɔ se yu ad di CSS fɔ di wan dɛn we de na grid.less.

Fɔ kɔntinyu fɔ ansa

Kastamayzeshɔn fɔ di grid de wok nɔmɔ na di difɔlt lɛvɛl, di 940px grid. Fɔ mek yu kɔntinyu fɔ gɛt di rispɔnsiv aspek dɛn fɔ Bootstrap, yu go gɛt fɔ kɔstɔmayz di grid dɛn bak na responsive.less.

Layouts Besik tɛmplat fɔ mek wɛb pej dɛn

Fiks layout we dɛn dɔn mek

Di difɔlt ɛn simpul 940px-wayd, sɛntrɛd layout fɔ jɔs lɛk ɛni wɛbsayt ɔ pej we wan singl gi <div class="container">.

  1. <bɔdi>
  2.   <div klas = "kɔntena" > 
  3.     ...
  4.   </div> fɔ di wan dɛn we de
  5. </bɔdi>

Fluid layout fɔ mek tin dɛn

<div class="container-fluid">gi fleksibul pej strɔkchɔ, min- ɛn maks-wid, ɛn wan lɛft-an saydbar. I fayn fɔ ap ɛn dɔkyumɛnt dɛn.

  1. <div klas = "kɔntena-fluid" > 
  2.   <div klas = "rɔw-fluid" > 
  3.     <div klas = "span2" > 
  4.       <!--Sidbar kɔntinyu-->
  5.     </div> fɔ di wan dɛn we de
  6.     <div klas = "span10" > 
  7.       <!--Bɔdi kɔntinyu-->
  8.     </div> fɔ di wan dɛn we de
  9.   </div> fɔ di wan dɛn we de
  10. </div> fɔ di wan dɛn we de

Rispɔnsiv dizayn Midia kwɛstyɔn fɔ difrɛn divays ɛn rizɔlt dɛn

Divays dɛn we de ansa

Wetin dɛn de du

Midia kwɛstyɔn dɛn kin alaw f�� kɔstɔm CSS bay we dɛn de yuz bɔku kɔndishɔn dɛn—rɛsɛshɔn, wit, displei tayp, ɛn ɔda tin dɛn—bɔt bɔku tɛm i kin pe atɛnshɔn rawnd min-widthɛn max-width.

  • Modify di wit fɔ di kɔlɔm na wi grid
  • Stak ɛlimɛnt dɛn instead fɔ flot ɛnisay we nid de
  • Risayz di edlayn ɛn tɛks fɔ mek i go fayn fɔ divays dɛn

Yuz midia kwɛstyɔn dɛn wit rɛspɔnsibiliti ɛn jɔs as stat fɔ yu mobayl ɔdiɛns dɛn. Fɔ big prɔjek dɛn, du tink bɔt dediket kɔd bays ɛn nɔto layers fɔ midia kwɛstyɔn dɛn.

Divays dɛn we dɛn de sɔpɔt

Bootstrap de sɔpɔt wan anful midia kwɛstyɔn dɛn na wan fayl fɔ ɛp fɔ mek yu prɔjek dɛn fit mɔ pan difrɛn divays dɛn ɛn skrin rizɔlt dɛn. Na dis na di tin dɛn we de insay:

Kɔl Width fɔ layout Width fɔ di kɔlɔm Width fɔ di gɔta
Smatfon dɛn 480px ɛn dɔŋ ya Fluid kɔlɔm dɛn, nɔ gɛt fiks wit
Smatfon dɛn to tablɛt dɛn 767px ɛn dɔŋ ya Fluid kɔlɔm dɛn, nɔ gɛt fiks wit
Tablɛt dɛn we de sho pikchɔ dɛn 768px ɛn ɔp 42px na di pikchɔ 20px we gɛt
Balans 980px ɛn ɔp 60px na di pikchɔ 20px we gɛt
Big big displei 1200px ɛn ɔp 70px na di pikchɔ 30px na di pikchɔ

I nid fɔ gɛt meta tag

Fɔ mek shɔ se divays dɛn de sho di pej dɛn we de ansa fayn fayn wan, put di viewport mɛta tag.

  1. <meta nem = "viupɔt" kɔntinyu = "wid=divays-wid, initial-skel=1.0" >

Yuz di midia kwɛstyɔn dɛn

Bootstrap nɔ de inklud dɛn midia kwɛstyɔn ya ɔtomɛtik wan, bɔt fɔ ɔndastand ɛn ad dɛn rili izi ɛn i nid fɔ sɛtup smɔl. Yu gɛt sɔm opshɔn dɛn fɔ put di rispɔnsiv ficha dɛn na Bootstrap:

  1. Yuz di kɔmpilayt rispɔnsiv vɛshɔn, bootstrap-responsive.css
  2. Ad @import "responsive.less" ɛn kɔmpilayt bak Bootstrap
  3. Modify ɛn rikompayl responsive.less as wan sɛpret fayl

Wetin mek yu nɔ jɔs put am insay? Fɔ tru, nɔto ɔltin nid fɔ bi pɔsin we de ansa. Bifo wi ɛnkɔrej di wan dɛn we de mek am fɔ pul dis ficha, wi kin tink se i bɛtɛ fɔ mek dɛn ebul fɔ yuz am.

  1.   // Landskɛp fon dɛn ɛn dɔŋ
  2.   @media ( maks - width : 480px ) { ... }.     
  3.  
  4.   // Landskɛp fon fɔ pɔtrɛt tablɛt
  5.   @media ( maks - width : 767px ) { ... }.     
  6.  
  7.   // Portret tablɛt to land skay ɛn dɛsktɔp
  8.   @media ( min - width : 768px ) ɛn ( maks - wid : 979px ) { ... }        
  9.  
  10.   // Big big dɛsktɔp
  11.   @media ( min - width : 1200px ) { ... } Wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan wan

Rispɔnsiv yutiliti klas dɛn

Wetin na dɛn

Fɔ mek yu ebul fɔ divɛlɔp di mobayl kwik kwik wan, yuz dɛn bɛsik yutiliti klas ya fɔ sho ɛn ayd kɔntinyu bay divays.

Ustɛm fɔ yuz am

Yuz am smɔl ɛn nɔ mek difrɛn difrɛn vɛshɔn dɛn fɔ di sem sayt. Bifo dat, yuz dɛn fɔ kɔmplit di prɛzɛntɛnshɔn we de na ɛni divays.

Fɔ ɛgzampul, yu kin sho wan <select>ɛlimɛnt fɔ nav na mobayl layout, bɔt nɔto pan tablɛt ɔ dɛsktɔp.

Sɔpɔt klas dɛn

Dɛn sho ya na wan tebul fɔ di klas dɛn we wi de sɔpɔt ɛn dɛn ifɛkt pan wan givɛn midia kwɛstyɔn layout (we dɛn lɛbul bay divays). Yu kin fɛn dɛn na responsive.less.

Klas Fɔn dɛn480px ɛn dɔŋ ya Tablɛt dɛn767px ɛn dɔŋ ya Dɛsktɔp dɛn768px ɛn ɔp
.visible-phone Wi kin si am
.visible-tablet Wi kin si am
.visible-desktop Wi kin si am
.hidden-phone Wi kin si am Wi kin si am
.hidden-tablet Wi kin si am Wi kin si am
.hidden-desktop Wi kin si am Wi kin si am

Test kes fɔ di kes

Risayz yu brɔwza ɔ lod am na difrɛn divays dɛn fɔ tɛst di klas dɛn we de ɔp.

Yu kin si am na...

Grin chɛkmak dɛn de sho se di klas de sho na di say we yu de si naw.

  • Fon✔ Fɔn
  • Tablɛt fɔ yuz✔ Tablɛt fɔ yuz
  • Dɛsktɔp✔ Dɛsktɔp

Dɛn ayd am na...

Na ya, grɛn chɛkmak dɛn de sho se klas de ayd na di say we yu de si naw.

  • Fon✔ Fɔn
  • Tablɛt fɔ yuz✔ Tablɛt fɔ yuz
  • Dɛsktɔp✔ Dɛsktɔp