Validazzjoni

Ipprovdi feedback siewi u azzjonabbli lill-utenti tiegħek b'validazzjoni tal-formola HTML5, permezz ta' imġieba default tal-browser jew stili personalizzati u JavaScript.

Fuq din il-paġna

Aħna konxji li bħalissa l-istili ta’ validazzjoni tad-dwana u t-tooltips min-naħa tal-klijent mhumiex aċċessibbli, peress li mhumiex esposti għal teknoloġiji ta’ assistenza. Filwaqt li naħdmu fuq soluzzjoni, nirrakkomandaw jew tuża l-għażla tan-naħa tas-server jew il-metodu ta' validazzjoni default tal-browser.

Kif taħdem

Hawn kif taħdem il-validazzjoni tal-formola ma Bootstrap:

Il-validazzjoni tal-formola HTML hija applikata permezz taż-żewġ psewdo-klassijiet tas-CSS, :invalidu :valid. Japplika għal <input>, <select>, u <textarea>elementi.
Bootstrap ikopri l- :invalidu stili għall- klassi :validġenitur , normalment applikati għall- . Inkella, kwalunkwe qasam meħtieġ mingħajr valur jidher bħala invalidu fit-tagħbija tal-paġna. B'dan il-mod, tista' tagħżel meta tattivahom (tipikament wara li tiġi ppruvata s-sottomissjoni tal-formola)..was-validated<form>
Biex terġa' tissettja d-dehra tal-formola (pereżempju, fil-każ ta' sottomissjonijiet dinamiċi ta' formola bl-użu ta' AJAX), neħħi l- .was-validatedklassi mill- <form>ġdid wara s-sottomissjoni.
Bħala riżerva, .is-invalidu l- .is-validklassijiet jistgħu jintużaw minflok il-psewdo-klassijiet għall -validazzjoni min-naħa tas-server . Ma jeħtiġux .was-validatedklassi ġenitur.
Minħabba restrizzjonijiet fil-mod kif jaħdem is-CSS, ma nistgħux (fil-preżent) napplikaw stili għal <label>li jiġi qabel kontroll tal-formola fid-DOM mingħajr l-għajnuna ta 'JavaScript personalizzat.
Il-browsers moderni kollha jappoġġjaw l- API tal-validazzjoni tar-restrizzjoni , serje ta' metodi JavaScript għall-validazzjoni tal-kontrolli tal-formoli.
Messaġġi ta 'feedback jistgħu jutilizzaw in- nuqqasijiet tal-browser (differenti għal kull browser, u mhux stilabbli permezz ta' CSS) jew l-istili ta 'feedback personalizzati tagħna b'HTML u CSS addizzjonali.
Tista' tipprovdi messaġġi ta' validità personalizzati setCustomValidityf'JavaScript.

B'dan f'moħħu, ikkunsidra d-demos li ġejjin għall-istili ta 'validazzjoni tal-formoli tad-dwana tagħna, klassijiet fakultattivi fuq in-naħa tas-server, u defaults tal-browser.

Stili tad-dwana

Għal messaġġi ta' validazzjoni tal-formola Bootstrap tad-dwana, ikollok bżonn iżżid l- novalidateattribut boolean ma' <form>. Dan iwaqqaf it-tooltips ta' feedback default tal-browser, iżda xorta jipprovdi aċċess għall-APIs tal-validazzjoni tal-formoli f'JavaScript. Ipprova tissottometti l-formola hawn taħt; JavaScript tagħna se jinterċetta l-buttuna tissottometti u jibgħat feedback lilek. Meta tipprova tissottometti, tara l- istili :invalidu applikati għall-kontrolli tal-formola tiegħek.:valid

Stili ta 'feedback personalizzati japplikaw kuluri personalizzati, fruntieri, stili ta' fokus, u ikoni tal-isfond biex jikkomunikaw aħjar ir-rispons. Ikoni tal-isfond għal <select>s huma disponibbli biss bi .form-select, u mhux .form-control.

html

<form class="row g-3 needs-validation" novalidate>
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationCustom01" class="form-label">First name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom01" value="Mark" required>
    <div class="valid-feedback">
      Looks good!
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationCustom02" class="form-label">Last name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom02" value="Otto" required>
    <div class="valid-feedback">
      Looks good!
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationCustomUsername" class="form-label">Username</label>
    <div class="input-group has-validation">
      <span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend">@</span>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustomUsername" aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend" required>
      <div class="invalid-feedback">
        Please choose a username.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-6">
    <label for="validationCustom03" class="form-label">City</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom03" required>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">
      Please provide a valid city.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-3">
    <label for="validationCustom04" class="form-label">State</label>
    <select class="form-select" id="validationCustom04" required>
      <option selected disabled value="">Choose...</option>
      <option>...</option>
    </select>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">
      Please select a valid state.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-3">
    <label for="validationCustom05" class="form-label">Zip</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom05" required>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">
      Please provide a valid zip.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <div class="form-check">
      <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck" required>
      <label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck">
        Agree to terms and conditions
      </label>
      <div class="invalid-feedback">
        You must agree before submitting.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
  </div>
</form>

// Example starter JavaScript for disabling form submissions if there are invalid fields
(() => {
  'use strict'

  // Fetch all the forms we want to apply custom Bootstrap validation styles to
  const forms = document.querySelectorAll('.needs-validation')

  // Loop over them and prevent submission
  Array.from(forms).forEach(form => {
    form.addEventListener('submit', event => {
      if (!form.checkValidity()) {
        event.preventDefault()
        event.stopPropagation()
      }

      form.classList.add('was-validated')
    }, false)
  })
})()

Defaults tal-browser

Mhux interessat f'messaġġi ta' feedback ta' validazzjoni tad-dwana jew tikteb JavaScript biex tibdel l-imgieba tal-formoli? Kollox tajjeb, tista 'tuża l-inadempjenzi tal-browser. Ipprova ibgħat il-formola hawn taħt. Skont il-browser u l-OS tiegħek, tara stil ta' feedback kemmxejn differenti.

Filwaqt li dawn l-istili ta 'feedback ma jistgħux jiġu stilati b'CSS, xorta tista' tippersonalizza t-test tal-feedback permezz ta' JavaScript.

html

<form class="row g-3">
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationDefault01" class="form-label">First name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault01" value="Mark" required>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationDefault02" class="form-label">Last name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault02" value="Otto" required>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationDefaultUsername" class="form-label">Username</label>
    <div class="input-group">
      <span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend2">@</span>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefaultUsername"  aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend2" required>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-6">
    <label for="validationDefault03" class="form-label">City</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault03" required>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-3">
    <label for="validationDefault04" class="form-label">State</label>
    <select class="form-select" id="validationDefault04" required>
      <option selected disabled value="">Choose...</option>
      <option>...</option>
    </select>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-3">
    <label for="validationDefault05" class="form-label">Zip</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault05" required>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <div class="form-check">
      <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck2" required>
      <label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck2">
        Agree to terms and conditions
      </label>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
  </div>
</form>

In-naħa tas-server

Nirrakkomandaw li tuża validazzjoni min-naħa tal-klijent, iżda f'każ li teħtieġ validazzjoni min-naħa tas-server, tista' tindika oqsma tal-formola invalidi u validi bi .is-invalidu .is-valid. Innota li .invalid-feedbackhija wkoll appoġġjata b'dawn il-klassijiet.

Għal oqsma invalidi, kun żgur li l-messaġġ ta' rispons/żball invalidu huwa assoċjat mal-qasam tal-formola rilevanti bl-użu aria-describedby(jinnota li dan l-attribut jippermetti idli ssir referenza għal aktar minn wieħed, f'każ li l-qasam diġà jindika test tal-formola addizzjonali).

Biex jiġu rranġati kwistjonijiet b'raġġ tal-fruntiera , il-gruppi ta' input jeħtieġu .has-validationklassi addizzjonali.

html

<form class="row g-3">
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationServer01" class="form-label">First name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control is-valid" id="validationServer01" value="Mark" required>
    <div class="valid-feedback">
      Looks good!
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationServer02" class="form-label">Last name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control is-valid" id="validationServer02" value="Otto" required>
    <div class="valid-feedback">
      Looks good!
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationServerUsername" class="form-label">Username</label>
    <div class="input-group has-validation">
      <span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend3">@</span>
      <input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServerUsername" aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend3 validationServerUsernameFeedback" required>
      <div id="validationServerUsernameFeedback" class="invalid-feedback">
        Please choose a username.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-6">
    <label for="validationServer03" class="form-label">City</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServer03" aria-describedby="validationServer03Feedback" required>
    <div id="validationServer03Feedback" class="invalid-feedback">
      Please provide a valid city.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-3">
    <label for="validationServer04" class="form-label">State</label>
    <select class="form-select is-invalid" id="validationServer04" aria-describedby="validationServer04Feedback" required>
      <option selected disabled value="">Choose...</option>
      <option>...</option>
    </select>
    <div id="validationServer04Feedback" class="invalid-feedback">
      Please select a valid state.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-3">
    <label for="validationServer05" class="form-label">Zip</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServer05" aria-describedby="validationServer05Feedback" required>
    <div id="validationServer05Feedback" class="invalid-feedback">
      Please provide a valid zip.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <div class="form-check">
      <input class="form-check-input is-invalid" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck3" aria-describedby="invalidCheck3Feedback" required>
      <label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck3">
        Agree to terms and conditions
      </label>
      <div id="invalidCheck3Feedback" class="invalid-feedback">
        You must agree before submitting.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
  </div>
</form>

Elementi appoġġjati

L-istili ta' validazzjoni huma disponibbli għall-kontrolli tal-formola u l-komponenti li ġejjin:

<input>s u <textarea>s bi .form-control(inkluż sa wieħed .form-controlfi gruppi ta' input)
<select>s bil.form-select
.form-checks

html

<form class="was-validated">
  <div class="mb-3">
    <label for="validationTextarea" class="form-label">Textarea</label>
    <textarea class="form-control" id="validationTextarea" placeholder="Required example textarea" required></textarea>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">
      Please enter a message in the textarea.
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="form-check mb-3">
    <input type="checkbox" class="form-check-input" id="validationFormCheck1" required>
    <label class="form-check-label" for="validationFormCheck1">Check this checkbox</label>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid feedback text</div>
  </div>

  <div class="form-check">
    <input type="radio" class="form-check-input" id="validationFormCheck2" name="radio-stacked" required>
    <label class="form-check-label" for="validationFormCheck2">Toggle this radio</label>
  </div>
  <div class="form-check mb-3">
    <input type="radio" class="form-check-input" id="validationFormCheck3" name="radio-stacked" required>
    <label class="form-check-label" for="validationFormCheck3">Or toggle this other radio</label>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">More example invalid feedback text</div>
  </div>

  <div class="mb-3">
    <select class="form-select" required aria-label="select example">
      <option value="">Open this select menu</option>
      <option value="1">One</option>
      <option value="2">Two</option>
      <option value="3">Three</option>
    </select>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid select feedback</div>
  </div>

  <div class="mb-3">
    <input type="file" class="form-control" aria-label="file example" required>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid form file feedback</div>
  </div>

  <div class="mb-3">
    <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit" disabled>Submit form</button>
  </div>
</form>

Tooltips

Jekk it-tqassim tal-formola tiegħek jippermetti dan, tista' tbiddel il- .{valid|invalid}-feedbackklassijiet għal .{valid|invalid}-tooltipklassijiet biex turi feedback ta' validazzjoni f'tooltip stilat. Kun żgur li jkollok ġenitur position: relativefuqha għall-ippożizzjonar tal-għodda. Fl-eżempju hawn taħt, il-klassijiet tal-kolonni tagħna diġà għandhom dan, iżda l-proġett tiegħek jista 'jeħtieġ setup alternattiv.

html

<form class="row g-3 needs-validation" novalidate>
  <div class="col-md-4 position-relative">
    <label for="validationTooltip01" class="form-label">First name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip01" value="Mark" required>
    <div class="valid-tooltip">
      Looks good!
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4 position-relative">
    <label for="validationTooltip02" class="form-label">Last name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip02" value="Otto" required>
    <div class="valid-tooltip">
      Looks good!
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4 position-relative">
    <label for="validationTooltipUsername" class="form-label">Username</label>
    <div class="input-group has-validation">
      <span class="input-group-text" id="validationTooltipUsernamePrepend">@</span>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltipUsername" aria-describedby="validationTooltipUsernamePrepend" required>
      <div class="invalid-tooltip">
        Please choose a unique and valid username.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-6 position-relative">
    <label for="validationTooltip03" class="form-label">City</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip03" required>
    <div class="invalid-tooltip">
      Please provide a valid city.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-3 position-relative">
    <label for="validationTooltip04" class="form-label">State</label>
    <select class="form-select" id="validationTooltip04" required>
      <option selected disabled value="">Choose...</option>
      <option>...</option>
    </select>
    <div class="invalid-tooltip">
      Please select a valid state.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-3 position-relative">
    <label for="validationTooltip05" class="form-label">Zip</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip05" required>
    <div class="invalid-tooltip">
      Please provide a valid zip.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
  </div>
</form>

Sass

Varjabbli

$form-feedback-margin-top:          $form-text-margin-top;
$form-feedback-font-size:           $form-text-font-size;
$form-feedback-font-style:          $form-text-font-style;
$form-feedback-valid-color:         $success;
$form-feedback-invalid-color:       $danger;

$form-feedback-icon-valid-color:    $form-feedback-valid-color;
$form-feedback-icon-valid:          url("data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 8 8'><path fill='#{$form-feedback-icon-valid-color}' d='M2.3 6.73.6 4.53c-.4-1.04.46-1.4 1.1-.8l1.1 1.4 3.4-3.8c.6-.63 1.6-.27 1.2.7l-4 4.6c-.43.5-.8.4-1.1.1z'/></svg>");
$form-feedback-icon-invalid-color:  $form-feedback-invalid-color;
$form-feedback-icon-invalid:        url("data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 12 12' width='12' height='12' fill='none' stroke='#{$form-feedback-icon-invalid-color}'><circle cx='6' cy='6' r='4.5'/><path stroke-linejoin='round' d='M5.8 3.6h.4L6 6.5z'/><circle cx='6' cy='8.2' r='.6' fill='#{$form-feedback-icon-invalid-color}' stroke='none'/></svg>");

Mixins

Żewġ mixins huma kkombinati flimkien, permezz tal- linja tagħna , biex jiġġeneraw l-istili tagħna ta 'feedback tal-validazzjoni tal-formola.

@mixin form-validation-state-selector($state) {
  @if ($state == "valid" or $state == "invalid") {
    .was-validated #{if(&, "&", "")}:#{$state},
    #{if(&, "&", "")}.is-#{$state} {
      @content;
    }
  } @else {
    #{if(&, "&", "")}.is-#{$state} {
      @content;
    }
  }
}

@mixin form-validation-state(
  $state,
  $color,
  $icon,
  $tooltip-color: color-contrast($color),
  $tooltip-bg-color: rgba($color, $form-feedback-tooltip-opacity),
  $focus-box-shadow: 0 0 $input-btn-focus-blur $input-focus-width rgba($color, $input-btn-focus-color-opacity)
) {
  .#{$state}-feedback {
    display: none;
    width: 100%;
    margin-top: $form-feedback-margin-top;
    @include font-size($form-feedback-font-size);
    font-style: $form-feedback-font-style;
    color: $color;
  }

  .#{$state}-tooltip {
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    z-index: 5;
    display: none;
    max-width: 100%; // Contain to parent when possible
    padding: $form-feedback-tooltip-padding-y $form-feedback-tooltip-padding-x;
    margin-top: .1rem;
    @include font-size($form-feedback-tooltip-font-size);
    line-height: $form-feedback-tooltip-line-height;
    color: $tooltip-color;
    background-color: $tooltip-bg-color;
    @include border-radius($form-feedback-tooltip-border-radius);
  }

  @include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
    ~ .#{$state}-feedback,
    ~ .#{$state}-tooltip {
      display: block;
    }
  }

  .form-control {
    @include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
      border-color: $color;

      @if $enable-validation-icons {
        padding-right: $input-height-inner;
        background-image: escape-svg($icon);
        background-repeat: no-repeat;
        background-position: right $input-height-inner-quarter center;
        background-size: $input-height-inner-half $input-height-inner-half;
      }

      &:focus {
        border-color: $color;
        box-shadow: $focus-box-shadow;
      }
    }
  }

  // stylelint-disable-next-line selector-no-qualifying-type
  textarea.form-control {
    @include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
      @if $enable-validation-icons {
        padding-right: $input-height-inner;
        background-position: top $input-height-inner-quarter right $input-height-inner-quarter;
      }
    }
  }

  .form-select {
    @include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
      border-color: $color;

      @if $enable-validation-icons {
        &:not([multiple]):not([size]),
        &:not([multiple])[size="1"] {
          padding-right: $form-select-feedback-icon-padding-end;
          background-image: escape-svg($form-select-indicator), escape-svg($icon);
          background-position: $form-select-bg-position, $form-select-feedback-icon-position;
          background-size: $form-select-bg-size, $form-select-feedback-icon-size;
        }
      }

      &:focus {
        border-color: $color;
        box-shadow: $focus-box-shadow;
      }
    }
  }

  .form-control-color {
    @include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
      @if $enable-validation-icons {
        width: add($form-color-width, $input-height-inner);
      }
    }
  }

  .form-check-input {
    @include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
      border-color: $color;

      &:checked {
        background-color: $color;
      }

      &:focus {
        box-shadow: $focus-box-shadow;
      }

      ~ .form-check-label {
        color: $color;
      }
    }
  }
  .form-check-inline .form-check-input {
    ~ .#{$state}-feedback {
      margin-left: .5em;
    }
  }

  .input-group {
    > .form-control:not(:focus),
    > .form-select:not(:focus),
    > .form-floating:not(:focus-within) {
      @include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
        @if $state == "valid" {
          z-index: 3;
        } @else if $state == "invalid" {
          z-index: 4;
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Mappa

Din hija l-mappa Sass ta' validazzjoni minn _variables.scss. Ikkalkola jew testendi dan biex tiġġenera stati differenti jew addizzjonali.

$form-validation-states: (
  "valid": (
    "color": $form-feedback-valid-color,
    "icon": $form-feedback-icon-valid
  ),
  "invalid": (
    "color": $form-feedback-invalid-color,
    "icon": $form-feedback-icon-invalid
  )
);

Il-mapep ta’ $form-validation-statesjista’ jkun fihom tliet parametri mhux obbligatorji biex jegħlbu l-għodda u l-istili ta’ fokus.

Loop

Użat biex itenni fuq $form-validation-statesil-valuri tal-mapep biex jiġġenera l-istili ta’ validazzjoni tagħna. Kwalunkwe modifika għall-mappa Sass ta' hawn fuq tiġi riflessa fis-CSS ikkumpilat tiegħek permezz ta' dan il-linja.

@each $state, $data in $form-validation-states {
  @include form-validation-state($state, $data...);
}

Customizing

L-istati ta 'validazzjoni jistgħu jiġu personalizzati permezz ta' Sass mal- $form-validation-statesmappa. Li tinsab fil- _variables.scssfajl tagħna, din il-mappa Sass hija kif niġġeneraw l-istati default valid/ invalidvalidazzjoni. Inkluża hija mappa nested biex tippersonalizza l-kulur, l-ikona, il-kulur tal-għodda u d-dell tal-fokus ta’ kull stat. Filwaqt li l-ebda stat ieħor ma huwa appoġġjat mill-browsers, dawk li jużaw stili tad-dwana jistgħu faċilment iżidu rispons ta 'forma aktar kumpless.