Nneɛma a Wɔde Di Dwuma

Fa nsɛm a ɛsom bo, a ɛyɛ adwuma ma wo dwumadiefoɔ no denam HTML5 kratasin a wɔde di dwuma so, denam browser default suban anaa custom styles ne JavaScript so.

Wɔ kratafa yi so

Yɛnim sɛ mprempren akraman-afã amanne validation styles ne adwinnade ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu no ntumi nkɔ so, efisɛ wɔmfa wɔn ho nhyɛ mfiridwuma a ɛboa mu. Bere a yɛreyɛ ano aduru bi ho adwuma no, yɛbɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ fa server-side option anaasɛ default browser validation kwan no di dwuma.

Sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma

Sɛnea fom validation yɛ adwuma wɔ Bootstrap ho ni:

HTML kratasin a wɔde di dwuma no yɛ nea wɔde di dwuma denam CSS no pseudo-classes abien no so, :invalidne :valid. Ɛfa <input>, <select>, ne <textarea>element ahorow ho.
Bootstrap scopes :invalidne :validstyles to awofo .was-validatedadesua, mpɛn pii no wɔde di dwuma wɔ <form>. Sɛ ɛnte saa a, afuo biara a wɔhwehwɛ a enni botae no bɛda adi sɛ ɛnyɛ adwuma wɔ kratafa a wɔde hyɛ mu. Saa kwan yi so no, wubetumi apaw bere a wode bɛyɛ adwuma (mpɛn pii no bere a wɔabɔ mmɔden sɛ wode kratasin bɛmena akyi).
Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wosan siesie kratasin no hwɛbea (sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ krataa a wɔde mena a ɛyɛ nnam a wɔde AJAX di dwuma ho no), yi .was-validatedadesua no fi <form>bio bere a wɔde amena no akyi.
Sɛ́ fallback, .is-invalidna .is-validwobetumi de adesua ahorow adi dwuma sen sɛ wɔde pseudo-classes no bedi dwuma ama server-side validation . Wɔnhwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ .was-validatedawofo adesua.
Esiane anohyeto ahorow a ɛwɔ sɛnea CSS yɛ adwuma mu nti, yentumi (mprempren) mfa styles nni dwuma wɔ a <label>a ɛba ansa na form control bi anim wɔ DOM no mu a JavaScript a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ no mmoa nka ho.
Nnɛyi brawsa nyinaa boa constraint validation API , JavaScript akwan a ɛtoatoa so a wɔfa so ma fom sohwɛ ahorow di dwuma.
Nsɛm a wɔde ma no betumi de browser defaults (sono ma browser biara, na ɛnam CSS so ntumi nkyerɛw) anaa yɛn nsɛm a wɔde ma a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ a HTML ne CSS foforo wom adi dwuma.
Wubetumi de nkrasɛm a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nokware ama setCustomValiditywɔ JavaScript mu.

Bere a ɛno wɔ w’adwenem no, susuw demo ahorow a edidi so yi ho ma yɛn custom form validation styles, optional server-side classes, ne browser defaults.

Nneɛma a wɔde yɛ nneɛma a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ

Sɛ wopɛ Bootstrap fom validation nkrasɛm a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ a, ɛho behia sɛ wode novalidateboolean attribute no ka wo <form>. Wei ma browser default feedback adwinnade no nyɛ adwuma, nanso ɛda so ara ma kwan kɔ fom validation API ahorow a ɛwɔ JavaScript mu no so. Bɔ mmɔden sɛ wode kratasin a ɛwɔ ase ha no bɛmena; yɛn JavaScript no bɛtwa submit button no mu na ɛde nsɛm a ɛfa ho akɔma wo. Sɛ worebɔ mmɔden sɛ wode bɛmena a, wubehu :invalidne :validstyles a wɔde adi dwuma wɔ wo form controls no so.

Nsɛm a wɔde ma a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ no de kɔla a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ, ahye, adwene a wɔde si biribi so, ne akyi ahyɛnsode ahorow di dwuma de di nsɛm a wɔde ma no ho nkitaho yiye. Background icons for <select>s no wɔ hɔ ne .form-select, na ɛnyɛ .form-control.

<form class="row g-3 needs-validation" novalidate>
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationCustom01" class="form-label">First name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom01" value="Mark" required>
    <div class="valid-feedback">
      Looks good!
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationCustom02" class="form-label">Last name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom02" value="Otto" required>
    <div class="valid-feedback">
      Looks good!
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationCustomUsername" class="form-label">Username</label>
    <div class="input-group has-validation">
      <span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend">@</span>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustomUsername" aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend" required>
      <div class="invalid-feedback">
        Please choose a username.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-6">
    <label for="validationCustom03" class="form-label">City</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom03" required>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">
      Please provide a valid city.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-3">
    <label for="validationCustom04" class="form-label">State</label>
    <select class="form-select" id="validationCustom04" required>
      <option selected disabled value="">Choose...</option>
      <option>...</option>
    </select>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">
      Please select a valid state.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-3">
    <label for="validationCustom05" class="form-label">Zip</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom05" required>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">
      Please provide a valid zip.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <div class="form-check">
      <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck" required>
      <label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck">
        Agree to terms and conditions
      </label>
      <div class="invalid-feedback">
        You must agree before submitting.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
  </div>
</form>

// Example starter JavaScript for disabling form submissions if there are invalid fields
(function () {
  'use strict'

  // Fetch all the forms we want to apply custom Bootstrap validation styles to
  var forms = document.querySelectorAll('.needs-validation')

  // Loop over them and prevent submission
  Array.prototype.slice.call(forms)
    .forEach(function (form) {
      form.addEventListener('submit', function (event) {
        if (!form.checkValidity()) {
          event.preventDefault()
          event.stopPropagation()
        }

        form.classList.add('was-validated')
      }, false)
    })
})()

Browser no yɛ nea wɔahyɛ da ayɛ

W’ani nnye custom validation feedback messages anaa JavaScript a wobɛkyerɛw de asesa form suban ho? Ne nyinaa ye, wubetumi de browser no defaults adi dwuma. Bɔ mmɔden sɛ wode kratasin a ɛwɔ ase ha no bɛmena. Ɛgyina wo browser ne OS so no, wobɛhunu ɔkwan soronko kakra a wobɛfa so akyerɛ wo nsɛm.

Bere a wontumi mfa CSS nsiesie saa nsɛm a wɔka fa ho no, woda so ara betumi afa JavaScript so ayɛ nsɛm a wɔka kyerɛ no ho nhyehyɛe.

<form class="row g-3">
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationDefault01" class="form-label">First name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault01" value="Mark" required>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationDefault02" class="form-label">Last name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault02" value="Otto" required>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationDefaultUsername" class="form-label">Username</label>
    <div class="input-group">
      <span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend2">@</span>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefaultUsername"  aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend2" required>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-6">
    <label for="validationDefault03" class="form-label">City</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault03" required>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-3">
    <label for="validationDefault04" class="form-label">State</label>
    <select class="form-select" id="validationDefault04" required>
      <option selected disabled value="">Choose...</option>
      <option>...</option>
    </select>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-3">
    <label for="validationDefault05" class="form-label">Zip</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault05" required>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <div class="form-check">
      <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck2" required>
      <label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck2">
        Agree to terms and conditions
      </label>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
  </div>
</form>

Server afã

Yɛhyɛ nyansa sɛ fa client-side validation di dwuma, nanso sɛ ɛba sɛ wopɛ server-side validation a, wubetumi de .is-invalidne .is-valid. Hyɛ no nsow sɛ .invalid-feedbackwɔboa nso wɔ adesua ahorow yi mu.

Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wohu mfuo a ɛnnyɛ adwuma a, hwɛ sɛ nsɛm a wɔka/mfomsoɔ nkra a ɛnnyɛ adwuma no ne fom afuo a ɛfa ho a wode bedi dwuma no wɔ abusuabɔ aria-describedby(hyɛ no nsow sɛ saa su yi ma kwan ma wɔde bɛboro baako idkyerɛ, sɛ ɛba sɛ afuo no twe adwene si fom nkyerɛwee foforɔ so dedaw a).

Sɛ wobɛsiesie nsɛm a ɛfa border radii ho a, input akuw hwehwɛ sɛ wonya .has-validationadesua foforo.

<form class="row g-3">
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationServer01" class="form-label">First name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control is-valid" id="validationServer01" value="Mark" required>
    <div class="valid-feedback">
      Looks good!
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationServer02" class="form-label">Last name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control is-valid" id="validationServer02" value="Otto" required>
    <div class="valid-feedback">
      Looks good!
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationServerUsername" class="form-label">Username</label>
    <div class="input-group has-validation">
      <span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend3">@</span>
      <input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServerUsername" aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend3 validationServerUsernameFeedback" required>
      <div id="validationServerUsernameFeedback" class="invalid-feedback">
        Please choose a username.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-6">
    <label for="validationServer03" class="form-label">City</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServer03" aria-describedby="validationServer03Feedback" required>
    <div id="validationServer03Feedback" class="invalid-feedback">
      Please provide a valid city.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-3">
    <label for="validationServer04" class="form-label">State</label>
    <select class="form-select is-invalid" id="validationServer04" aria-describedby="validationServer04Feedback" required>
      <option selected disabled value="">Choose...</option>
      <option>...</option>
    </select>
    <div id="validationServer04Feedback" class="invalid-feedback">
      Please select a valid state.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-3">
    <label for="validationServer05" class="form-label">Zip</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServer05" aria-describedby="validationServer05Feedback" required>
    <div id="validationServer05Feedback" class="invalid-feedback">
      Please provide a valid zip.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <div class="form-check">
      <input class="form-check-input is-invalid" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck3" aria-describedby="invalidCheck3Feedback" required>
      <label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck3">
        Agree to terms and conditions
      </label>
      <div id="invalidCheck3Feedback" class="invalid-feedback">
        You must agree before submitting.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
  </div>
</form>

Nneɛma a wɔboa

Validation styles wɔ hɔ ma form controls ne components a edidi so yi:

<input>s ne <textarea>s a ɛwɔ .form-control(a ɛkɔsi biako .form-controlwɔ nsɛm a wɔde hyɛ mu akuw mu ka ho) .
<select>s ne.form-select
.form-checks

<form class="was-validated">
  <div class="mb-3">
    <label for="validationTextarea" class="form-label">Textarea</label>
    <textarea class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationTextarea" placeholder="Required example textarea" required></textarea>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">
      Please enter a message in the textarea.
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="form-check mb-3">
    <input type="checkbox" class="form-check-input" id="validationFormCheck1" required>
    <label class="form-check-label" for="validationFormCheck1">Check this checkbox</label>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid feedback text</div>
  </div>

  <div class="form-check">
    <input type="radio" class="form-check-input" id="validationFormCheck2" name="radio-stacked" required>
    <label class="form-check-label" for="validationFormCheck2">Toggle this radio</label>
  </div>
  <div class="form-check mb-3">
    <input type="radio" class="form-check-input" id="validationFormCheck3" name="radio-stacked" required>
    <label class="form-check-label" for="validationFormCheck3">Or toggle this other radio</label>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">More example invalid feedback text</div>
  </div>

  <div class="mb-3">
    <select class="form-select" required aria-label="select example">
      <option value="">Open this select menu</option>
      <option value="1">One</option>
      <option value="2">Two</option>
      <option value="3">Three</option>
    </select>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid select feedback</div>
  </div>

  <div class="mb-3">
    <input type="file" class="form-control" aria-label="file example" required>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid form file feedback</div>
  </div>

  <div class="mb-3">
    <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit" disabled>Submit form</button>
  </div>
</form>

Nnwinnade Ho Afotu

Sɛ wo fom nhyehyeɛ ma ho kwan a, wobɛtumi asesa .{valid|invalid}-feedbackadesua ahodoɔ no ama .{valid|invalid}-tooltipadesua ahodoɔ no de akyerɛ validation feedback wɔ styled tooltip mu. Hwɛ hu sɛ wowɔ ɔwofo bi a position: relativeɔwɔ so ma adwinnade ho nsɛm a wɔde besi hɔ. Wɔ nhwɛsoɔ a ɛwɔ aseɛ ha yi mu no, yɛn column classes no wɔ yei dada, nanso wo project no betumi ahwehwɛ sɛ wobɛhyehyɛ foforɔ.

<form class="row g-3 needs-validation" novalidate>
  <div class="col-md-4 position-relative">
    <label for="validationTooltip01" class="form-label">First name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip01" value="Mark" required>
    <div class="valid-tooltip">
      Looks good!
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4 position-relative">
    <label for="validationTooltip02" class="form-label">Last name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip02" value="Otto" required>
    <div class="valid-tooltip">
      Looks good!
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4 position-relative">
    <label for="validationTooltipUsername" class="form-label">Username</label>
    <div class="input-group has-validation">
      <span class="input-group-text" id="validationTooltipUsernamePrepend">@</span>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltipUsername" aria-describedby="validationTooltipUsernamePrepend" required>
      <div class="invalid-tooltip">
        Please choose a unique and valid username.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-6 position-relative">
    <label for="validationTooltip03" class="form-label">City</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip03" required>
    <div class="invalid-tooltip">
      Please provide a valid city.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-3 position-relative">
    <label for="validationTooltip04" class="form-label">State</label>
    <select class="form-select" id="validationTooltip04" required>
      <option selected disabled value="">Choose...</option>
      <option>...</option>
    </select>
    <div class="invalid-tooltip">
      Please select a valid state.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-3 position-relative">
    <label for="validationTooltip05" class="form-label">Zip</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip05" required>
    <div class="invalid-tooltip">
      Please provide a valid zip.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
  </div>
</form>

Sass

Nneɛma a Ɛsakra

$form-feedback-margin-top:          $form-text-margin-top;
$form-feedback-font-size:           $form-text-font-size;
$form-feedback-font-style:          $form-text-font-style;
$form-feedback-valid-color:         $success;
$form-feedback-invalid-color:       $danger;

$form-feedback-icon-valid-color:    $form-feedback-valid-color;
$form-feedback-icon-valid:          url("data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 8 8'><path fill='#{$form-feedback-icon-valid-color}' d='M2.3 6.73L.6 4.53c-.4-1.04.46-1.4 1.1-.8l1.1 1.4 3.4-3.8c.6-.63 1.6-.27 1.2.7l-4 4.6c-.43.5-.8.4-1.1.1z'/></svg>");
$form-feedback-icon-invalid-color:  $form-feedback-invalid-color;
$form-feedback-icon-invalid:        url("data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 12 12' width='12' height='12' fill='none' stroke='#{$form-feedback-icon-invalid-color}'><circle cx='6' cy='6' r='4.5'/><path stroke-linejoin='round' d='M5.8 3.6h.4L6 6.5z'/><circle cx='6' cy='8.2' r='.6' fill='#{$form-feedback-icon-invalid-color}' stroke='none'/></svg>");

Nneɛma a wɔde frafra

Mixins abien na wɔaka abom, denam yɛn loop , de ayɛ yɛn form validation feedback styles.

@mixin form-validation-state-selector($state) {
  @if ($state == "valid" or $state == "invalid") {
    .was-validated #{if(&, "&", "")}:#{$state},
    #{if(&, "&", "")}.is-#{$state} {
      @content;
    }
  } @else {
    #{if(&, "&", "")}.is-#{$state} {
      @content;
    }
  }
}

@mixin form-validation-state(
  $state,
  $color,
  $icon,
  $tooltip-color: color-contrast($color),
  $tooltip-bg-color: rgba($color, $form-feedback-tooltip-opacity),
  $focus-box-shadow: 0 0 $input-btn-focus-blur $input-focus-width rgba($color, $input-btn-focus-color-opacity)
) {
  .#{$state}-feedback {
    display: none;
    width: 100%;
    margin-top: $form-feedback-margin-top;
    @include font-size($form-feedback-font-size);
    font-style: $form-feedback-font-style;
    color: $color;
  }

  .#{$state}-tooltip {
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    z-index: 5;
    display: none;
    max-width: 100%; // Contain to parent when possible
    padding: $form-feedback-tooltip-padding-y $form-feedback-tooltip-padding-x;
    margin-top: .1rem;
    @include font-size($form-feedback-tooltip-font-size);
    line-height: $form-feedback-tooltip-line-height;
    color: $tooltip-color;
    background-color: $tooltip-bg-color;
    @include border-radius($form-feedback-tooltip-border-radius);
  }

  @include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
    ~ .#{$state}-feedback,
    ~ .#{$state}-tooltip {
      display: block;
    }
  }

  .form-control {
    @include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
      border-color: $color;

      @if $enable-validation-icons {
        padding-right: $input-height-inner;
        background-image: escape-svg($icon);
        background-repeat: no-repeat;
        background-position: right $input-height-inner-quarter center;
        background-size: $input-height-inner-half $input-height-inner-half;
      }

      &:focus {
        border-color: $color;
        box-shadow: $focus-box-shadow;
      }
    }
  }

  // stylelint-disable-next-line selector-no-qualifying-type
  textarea.form-control {
    @include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
      @if $enable-validation-icons {
        padding-right: $input-height-inner;
        background-position: top $input-height-inner-quarter right $input-height-inner-quarter;
      }
    }
  }

  .form-select {
    @include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
      border-color: $color;

      @if $enable-validation-icons {
        &:not([multiple]):not([size]),
        &:not([multiple])[size="1"] {
          padding-right: $form-select-feedback-icon-padding-end;
          background-image: escape-svg($form-select-indicator), escape-svg($icon);
          background-position: $form-select-bg-position, $form-select-feedback-icon-position;
          background-size: $form-select-bg-size, $form-select-feedback-icon-size;
        }
      }

      &:focus {
        border-color: $color;
        box-shadow: $focus-box-shadow;
      }
    }
  }

  .form-check-input {
    @include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
      border-color: $color;

      &:checked {
        background-color: $color;
      }

      &:focus {
        box-shadow: $focus-box-shadow;
      }

      ~ .form-check-label {
        color: $color;
      }
    }
  }
  .form-check-inline .form-check-input {
    ~ .#{$state}-feedback {
      margin-left: .5em;
    }
  }

  .input-group .form-control,
  .input-group .form-select {
    @include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
      @if $state == "valid" {
        z-index: 1;
      } @else if $state == "invalid" {
        z-index: 2;
      }
      &:focus {
        z-index: 3;
      }
    }
  }
}

Asase mfonini

Eyi ne validation Sass map a efi _variables.scss. Override anaa trɛw eyi mu na ama woanya tebea ahorow anaa afoforo.

$form-validation-states: (
  "valid": (
    "color": $form-feedback-valid-color,
    "icon": $form-feedback-icon-valid
  ),
  "invalid": (
    "color": $form-feedback-invalid-color,
    "icon": $form-feedback-icon-invalid
  )
);

Maps of $form-validation-statesbetumi akura parameters abiɛsa a wubetumi apaw de abɔ adwinnade ho nsɛm ne focus styles so.

Ɛpɔ

Wɔde di dwuma de yɛ iterate wɔ $form-validation-statesmap values so de yɛ yɛn validation styles. Nsakraeɛ biara a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ Sass map no mu no bɛda adi wɔ wo CSS a woaboaboa ano no mu denam saa loop yi so.

@each $state, $data in $form-validation-states {
  @include form-validation-state($state, $data...);
}

Nneɛma a Wɔyɛ no Sɛnea Wɔpɛ

Validation states betumi ayɛ customized via Sass ne $form-validation-statesmap no. Ɛwɔ yɛn _variables.scssfael no mu no, saa Sass map yi ne sɛnea yɛyɛ default valid/ invalidvalidation states no. Nea ɛka ho ne nested map a wɔde sesa ɔman biara kɔla, ahyɛnsode, adwinnade ti kɔla, ne sunsuma a wɔde wɔn adwene si so. Bere a aman foforo biara nni hɔ a browser ahorow boa no, wɔn a wɔde custom styles di dwuma no betumi de form feedback a ɛyɛ den kɛse aka ho ntɛm.

Yɛsrɛ wo hyɛ no nsow sɛ yɛnkamfo nkyerɛ sɛ wobɛsesa $form-validation-statesvalues a form-validation-statewonsakra mixin no nso .