Браузерҳо ва дастгоҳҳо
Дар бораи браузерҳо ва дастгоҳҳои аз замонавӣ то кӯҳна, ки аз ҷониби Bootstrap дастгирӣ карда мешаванд, аз ҷумла нофаҳмиҳо ва хатоҳои маълум барои ҳар як маълумот гиред.
Браузерҳои дастгирӣшаванда
Bootstrap версияҳои охирин ва устувори ҳама браузерҳо ва платформаҳои асосиро дастгирӣ мекунад. Дар Windows, мо Internet Explorer 10-11 / Microsoft Edge -ро дастгирӣ мекунем .
Браузерҳои алтернативӣ, ки версияи охирини WebKit, Blink ё Gecko -ро истифода мебаранд, хоҳ мустақиман ё тавассути API-и веби платформа, ба таври возеҳ дастгирӣ намешаванд. Бо вуҷуди ин, Bootstrap бояд (дар аксари ҳолатҳо) дар ин браузерҳо низ дуруст намоиш ва кор кунад. Маълумоти бештар мушаххаси дастгирӣ дар зер оварда шудааст.
Шумо метавонед доираи дастгирӣшавандаи браузерҳо ва версияҳои онҳоро дар мо.browserslistrc file пайдо кунед:
# https://github.com/browserslist/browserslist#readme
>= 1%
last 1 major version
not dead
Chrome >= 45
Firefox >= 38
Edge >= 12
Explorer >= 10
iOS >= 9
Safari >= 9
Android >= 4.4
Opera >= 30
Мо Autoprefixer-ро барои коркарди дастгирии пешбинишудаи браузер тавассути префиксҳои CSS истифода мебарем, ки барои идоракунии ин версияҳои браузер Browserlist -ро истифода мебарад. Бо ҳуҷҷатҳои онҳо маслиҳат кунед, ки чӣ гуна ин асбобҳоро ба лоиҳаҳои худ ворид кунед.
Дастгоҳҳои мобилӣ
Умуман, Bootstrap версияҳои охирини браузерҳои пешфарзии ҳар як платформаи асосиро дастгирӣ мекунад. Дар хотир доред, ки браузерҳои прокси (ба монанди Opera Mini, режими Turbo Opera Mobile, UC Browser Mini, Amazon Silk) дастгирӣ намешаванд.
| Chrome | Firefox | Сафари | Браузери Android ва WebView | Microsoft Edge | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Android | Дастгир карда шудааст | Дастгир карда шудааст | Не | Android v5.0+ дастгирӣ карда мешавад | Дастгир карда шудааст |
| iOS | Дастгир карда шудааст | Дастгир карда шудааст | Дастгир карда шудааст | Не | Дастгир карда шудааст |
| Windows 10 Mobile | Не | Не | Не | Не | Дастгир карда шудааст |
Браузерҳои мизи корӣ
Ба ҳамин монанд, версияҳои охирини аксари браузерҳои мизи корӣ дастгирӣ карда мешаванд.
| Chrome | Firefox | Internet Explorer | Microsoft Edge | Опера | Сафари | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Мак | Дастгир карда шудааст | Дастгир карда шудааст | Не | Дастгир карда шудааст | Дастгир карда шудааст | Дастгир карда шудааст |
| Windows | Дастгир карда шудааст | Дастгир карда шудааст | Дастгирӣ, IE10+ | Дастгир карда шудааст | Дастгир карда шудааст | Дастгир карда намешавад |
For Firefox, in addition to the latest normal stable release, we also support the latest Extended Support Release (ESR) version of Firefox.
Unofficially, Bootstrap should look and behave well enough in Chromium and Chrome for Linux, Firefox for Linux, and Internet Explorer 9, though they are not officially supported.
For a list of some of the browser bugs that Bootstrap has to grapple with, see our Wall of browser bugs.
Internet Explorer
Internet Explorer 10+ is supported; IE9 and down is not. Please be aware that some CSS3 properties and HTML5 elements are not fully supported in IE10, or require prefixed properties for full functionality. Visit Can I use… for details on browser support of CSS3 and HTML5 features. If you require IE8-9 support, use Bootstrap 3.
Modals and dropdowns on mobile
Overflow and scrolling
Support for overflow: hidden; on the <body> element is quite limited in iOS and Android. To that end, when you scroll past the top or bottom of a modal in either of those devices’ browsers, the <body> content will begin to scroll. See Chrome bug #175502 (fixed in Chrome v40) and WebKit bug #153852.
iOS text fields and scrolling
As of iOS 9.2, while a modal is open, if the initial touch of a scroll gesture is within the boundary of a textual <input> or a <textarea>, the <body> content underneath the modal will be scrolled instead of the modal itself. See WebKit bug #153856.
Navbar Dropdowns
The .dropdown-backdrop element isn’t used on iOS in the nav because of the complexity of z-indexing. Thus, to close dropdowns in navbars, you must directly click the dropdown element (or any other element which will fire a click event in iOS).
Browser zooming
Page zooming inevitably presents rendering artifacts in some components, both in Bootstrap and the rest of the web. Depending on the issue, we may be able to fix it (search first and then open an issue if need be). However, we tend to ignore these as they often have no direct solution other than hacky workarounds.
Sticky :hover/:focus on iOS
While :hover isn’t possible on most touch devices, iOS emulates this behavior, resulting in “sticky” hover styles that persist after tapping one element. These hover styles are only removed when users tap another element. This behavior is considered largely undesirable and appears to not be an issue on Android or Windows devices.
Throughout our v4 alpha and beta releases, we included incomplete and commented out code for opting into a media query shim that would disable hover styles in touch device browsers that emulate hovering. This work was never fully completed or enabled, but to avoid complete breakage, we’ve opted to deprecate this shim and keep the mixins as shortcuts for the pseudo-classes.
Printing
Even in some modern browsers, printing can be quirky.
As of Safari v8.0, use of the fixed-width .container class can cause Safari to use an unusually small font size when printing. See issue #14868 and WebKit bug #138192 for more details. One potential workaround is the following CSS:
@media print {
.container {
width: auto;
}
}Android stock browser
Out of the box, Android 4.1 (and even some newer releases apparently) ship with the Browser app as the default web browser of choice (as opposed to Chrome). Unfortunately, the Browser app has lots of bugs and inconsistencies with CSS in general.
Select menu
On <select> elements, the Android stock browser will not display the side controls if there is a border-radius and/or border applied. (See this StackOverflow question for details.) Use the snippet of code below to remove the offending CSS and render the <select> as an unstyled element on the Android stock browser. The user agent sniffing avoids interference with Chrome, Safari, and Mozilla browsers.
<script>
$(function () {
var nua = navigator.userAgent
var isAndroid = (nua.indexOf('Mozilla/5.0') > -1 && nua.indexOf('Android ') > -1 && nua.indexOf('AppleWebKit') > -1 && nua.indexOf('Chrome') === -1)
if (isAndroid) {
$('select.form-control').removeClass('form-control').css('width', '100%')
}
})
</script>Want to see an example? Check out this JS Bin demo.
Validators
In order to provide the best possible experience to old and buggy browsers, Bootstrap uses CSS browser hacks in several places to target special CSS to certain browser versions in order to work around bugs in the browsers themselves. These hacks understandably cause CSS validators to complain that they are invalid. In a couple places, we also use bleeding-edge CSS features that aren’t yet fully standardized, but these are used purely for progressive enhancement.
These validation warnings don’t matter in practice since the non-hacky portion of our CSS does fully validate and the hacky portions don’t interfere with the proper functioning of the non-hacky portion, hence why we deliberately ignore these particular warnings.
Ҳуҷҷатҳои HTML-и мо низ ба далели ворид кардани роҳи ҳалли хатои муайяни Firefox огоҳиҳои ночиз ва ночиз дар бораи тасдиқи HTML доранд .