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Toe fai

Toe fa'afou, o se fa'aputuga o suiga CSS fa'apitoa i elemene i se faila e tasi, kickstart Bootstrap e tu'uina atu ai se laina fa'alelei, tumau, ma faigofie e fausia i luga.

I luga o lenei itulau

Auala

Toe fa'afou i luga ole Normalize, tu'uina atu le tele o elemene HTML fa'atasi ai ma sitaili manatu fa'aaoga na'o elemene filifilia. Fa'aopoopo sitaili e faia na'o vasega. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, matou te toe faʻafou nisi <table>sitaili mo se laina faʻavae faigofie ma mulimuli ane tuʻuina atu .table, .table-bordered, ma isi mea.

O a matou taʻiala ma mafuaʻaga mo le filifilia o mea e faʻamalo ile Toe Faʻafouina:

Fa'afou nisi o mea tau su'esu'e fa'aletonu e fa'aoga ai remle s nai lo le ems mo le fa'aogaina o le va o vaega.
Aloese mai margin-top. E mafai ona pa'u i lalo pito tu'usa'o, ma maua ai i'uga e le'i fa'amoemoeina. Ae sili atu ona taua, o le tasi itu o marginse faʻataʻitaʻiga faigofie o le mafaufau.
Mo le fa'afaigofieina ole fa'asili ile tele ole masini, e tatau ona fa'aoga elemene poloka rems mo marginle s.
Fa'atumauina fa'aitiitiga fa'amatalaga o fontmeatotino e feso'ota'i, fa'aaoga inheriti so'o se taimi e mafai ai.

CSS fesuiaiga

Fa'aopoopo i le v5.1.1

Faatasi ai ma le v5.1.1, matou te faʻavasegaina a matou @imports manaʻomia i luga o a matou fusi CSS uma (e aofia ai bootstrap.css, bootstrap-reboot.css, ma bootstrap-grid.cssia aofia ai _root.scss. E faʻaopoopoina :roottulaga fesuiaʻi CSS i fusi uma, e tusa lava po o le a le tele o latou faʻaaogaina i lena fusi. Mulimuli ane Bootstrap 5 o le a faaauau pea va'ai nisi fesuiaiga CSS fa'aopoopo ile taimi.

Itulau fa'aletonu

O elemene <html>ma <body>ua fa'afouina ina ia maua ai fa'aletonu e sili atu le itulau-lautele. Aemaise lava:

O box-sizinglo'o fa'atulagaina i le lalolagi atoa i elemene uma—e aofia ai *::beforema le *::after, i le border-box. E fa'amautinoa ai e le sili atu le lautele o le elemene ona o le padding po'o le tuaoi.
- E leai se fa'avae font-sizee fa'ailoa i luga ole <html>, ae 16pxfa'apea (le browser default). font-size: 1remo lo'o fa'aogaina i luga ole <body>laiga mo le fa'afaigofieina ole fa'avasegaina ole ituaiga e ala ile fa'asalalauga fa'asalalauga a'o fa'aaloalo i mana'oga o tagata fa'aoga ma fa'amautinoaina se auala e sili atu ona faigofie. E mafai ona suitulaga lenei masini su'esu'e e ala i le suia o le $font-size-rootfesuiaiga.
O <body>lo'o fa'atulagaina fo'i se lalolagi font-family, font-weight, line-height, ma color. O lenei mea e tu'ufa'atasia mulimuli ane e nisi o elemene foliga e puipuia ai le le tutusa o vaitusi.
Mo le saogalemu, o <body>lo'o i ai se fa'aaliga background-color, fa'aletonu i #fff.

Fa'aputu fa'aputu

E fa'aogaina e Bootstrap se "fa'aputu vaitusi masani" po'o le "fa'aputu fa'apolokalame fa'apipi'i" mo le fa'aliliuina lelei o tusitusiga i masini uma ma OS. O nei fonuka faiga ua mamanuina faapitoa ma masini o aso nei i le mafaufau, faatasi ai ma le faʻaleleia atili o le faʻaliliuga i luga o lau, lagolago fesuiaiga o vai, ma isi mea. Faitau atili e uiga i fa'aputuga vaitusi fa'ale-aganu'u i totonu o lenei Smashing Magazine article .

$font-family-sans-serif:
  // Cross-platform generic font family (default user interface font)
  system-ui,
  // Safari for macOS and iOS (San Francisco)
  -apple-system,
  // Windows
  "Segoe UI",
  // Android
  Roboto,
  // Basic web fallback
  "Helvetica Neue", Arial,
  // Linux
  "Noto Sans",
  "Liberation Sans",
  // Sans serif fallback
  sans-serif,
  // Emoji fonts
  "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji" !default;

Manatua talu ai ona o le fa'aputu fa'aputu e aofia ai emoji fonuka, o le tele o fa'ailoga masani/dingbat unicode mataitusi o le a fa'aliliuina o ni ata felanulanua'i. O latou foliga o le a eseese, faʻatatau i le sitaili o loʻo faʻaogaina i le browser/platform's native emoji font, ma e le afaina i latou i soʻo se colorsitaili CSS.

E font-familyfa'aoga lea i le <body>ma otometi ona fa'atosina i le lalolagi atoa i Bootstrap. Ina ia fesuiai le lalolagi font-family, faʻafouina $font-family-basema toe faʻapipiʻi Bootstrap.

CSS fesuiaiga

Aʻo faʻaauau pea le faʻatupuina o le Bootstrap 5, o le a sili atu ma sili atu sitaili o le a fausia i le CSS fesuiaiga o se auala e tuʻuina atu ai le tele o taimi faʻapitoa e aunoa ma le manaʻomia e toe faʻapipiʻi Sass i taimi uma. O la matou auala o le ave lea o a matou punaoa Sass fesuiaiga ma suia i latou i CSS fesuiaiga. I lena auala, e tusa lava pe e te le faʻaogaina suiga CSS, o loʻo ia te oe le mana uma o Sass. O lo'o fa'agasolo pea ma e umi se taimi e fa'atino atoatoa ai.

Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, mafaufau i nei :rootfesuiaiga CSS mo <body>sitaili masani:

  @if $font-size-root != null {
    --#{$variable-prefix}root-font-size: #{$font-size-root};
  }
  --#{$variable-prefix}body-font-family: #{$font-family-base};
  --#{$variable-prefix}body-font-size: #{$font-size-base};
  --#{$variable-prefix}body-font-weight: #{$font-weight-base};
  --#{$variable-prefix}body-line-height: #{$line-height-base};
  --#{$variable-prefix}body-color: #{$body-color};
  @if $body-text-align != null {
    --#{$variable-prefix}body-text-align: #{$body-text-align};
  }
  --#{$variable-prefix}body-bg: #{$body-bg};

I le faʻataʻitaʻiga, o na fesuiaiga e faʻaaogaina i le Toe Faʻafouina e pei o lea:

body {
  margin: 0; // 1
  font-family: var(--#{$variable-prefix}body-font-family);
  @include font-size(var(--#{$variable-prefix}body-font-size));
  font-weight: var(--#{$variable-prefix}body-font-weight);
  line-height: var(--#{$variable-prefix}body-line-height);
  color: var(--#{$variable-prefix}body-color);
  text-align: var(--#{$variable-prefix}body-text-align);
  background-color: var(--#{$variable-prefix}body-bg); // 2
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; // 3
  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba($black, 0); // 4
}

Le mea e mafai ai ona e faia faʻataʻitaʻiga taimi moni e tusa lava pe e te manaʻo ai:

<body style="--bs-body-color: #333;">
  <!-- ... -->
</body>

Ulutala ma parakalafa

O elemene ulutala uma—faataitaiga, <h1>—ma <p>ua toe setiina ina ia margin-topaveese. Ua margin-bottom: .5remfaaopoopo ulutala ma parakalafa margin-bottom: 1remmo le faafaigofieina o avanoa.

Ulutala	Faataitaiga
`<h1></h1>`	h1. Ulutala Bootstrap
`<h2></h2>`	h2. Ulutala Bootstrap
`<h3></h3>`	h3. Ulutala Bootstrap
`<h4></h4>`	h4. Ulutala Bootstrap
`<h5></h5>`	h5. Ulutala Bootstrap
`<h6></h6>`	h6. Ulutala Bootstrap

Lisi

O lisi uma— <ul>, <ol>, ma <dl>— margin-topia aveese ma a margin-bottom: 1rem. O lisi fa'aputu e leai margin-bottom. Ua matou toe setiina foi le padding-lefton <ul>ma <ol>elemene.

O lisi uma ua aveese o latou pito pito i luga
Ma o latou pito pito i lalo ua fa'asalaina
O lisi fa'aputu e leai se pito i lalo
- O lenei auala e sili atu ona foliga tutusa
- Aemaise lava pe a soso'o ma isi mea lisi
O le padding agavale ua toe setiina foi

O se lisi fa'atonu
Faatasi ai ma ni nai mea lisi
E tutusa uma foliga
E pei o le lisi muamua e le fa'atonuina

Mo sitaili faigofie, manino fa'atonuga, ma sili atu avanoa, lisi fa'amatalaga ua fa'afouina margins. <dd>s toe seti margin-lefti 0ma faaopoopo margin-bottom: .5rem. <dt>s ua fa'amalosi .

Lisi fa'amatalaga: Ole lisi fa'amatalaga e lelei atoatoa mo le fa'amalamalamaina o upu.
Vaitaimi: Uiga mo le upu.; O se faauigaga lona lua mo le faaupuga lava e tasi.
O le isi faaupuga: Fa'amatalaga mo lenei isi faaupuga.

Fa'ailoga laina

Afifi fasi laina fa'ailoga fa'ailoga ma <code>. Ia mautinoa e sola ese mai puipui tulimanu HTML.

Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, <section>e tatau ona afifi i totonu.

For example, <code>&lt;section&gt;</code> should be wrapped as inline.

Fa'ailoga poloka

Fa'aoga <pre>le s mo le tele o laina fa'ailoga. Toe fo'i, ia mautinoa e sola ese mai so'o se fa'amaufa'ailoga fa'ailoga i le fa'ailoga mo le fa'aliliuga tatau. Ua <pre>toe setiina le elemene e aveese ona margin-topma faaaoga remiunite mo lona margin-bottom.

<p>Sample text here...</p>
<p>And another line of sample text here...</p>

<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;Sample text here...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And another line of sample text here...&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>

Fuafuaga

Mo le faʻaalia o fesuiaiga faʻaaoga le <var>tag.

y = m x + b

<var>y</var> = <var>m</var><var>x</var> + <var>b</var>

Fa'aoga tagata

Fa'aoga le <kbd>fa'ailoga e fa'ailoa ai mea e masani ona fa'aulu ile piano.

Ina ia fesuia'i fa'atonuga, ta'i cdsoso'o ma le igoa o le fa'atonuga.
Ina ia teuteu tulaga, fetaomi ctrl + ,

To switch directories, type <kbd>cd</kbd> followed by the name of the directory.<br>
To edit settings, press <kbd><kbd>ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>,</kbd></kbd>

Fa'ata'ita'iga galuega

Mo le fa'ailoaina o fa'ata'ita'iga fa'atino mai se polokalame fa'aaoga le <samp>tag.

O lenei tusitusiga o lo'o fa'atatau e fa'atatauina o se fa'ata'ita'iga o mea na maua mai se polokalame komepiuta.

<samp>This text is meant to be treated as sample output from a computer program.</samp>

Laupapa

E fetuutuunai teisi laulau i sitaili <caption>s, pa'u i lalo tuaoi, ma fa'amautinoa e tumau i le text-aligntaimi atoa. Suiga faaopoopo mo tuaoi, padding, ma isi mea e sau faatasi ma le .tablevasega .

O se fa'ata'ita'iga laulau lea, ma o lona fa'amatalaga lea e fa'amatala ai mea o lo'o i totonu.
Ulutala laulau	Ulutala laulau	Ulutala laulau	Ulutala laulau
Laulau laulau	Laulau laulau	Laulau laulau	Laulau laulau
Laulau laulau	Laulau laulau	Laulau laulau	Laulau laulau
Laulau laulau	Laulau laulau	Laulau laulau	Laulau laulau

Fomu

O elemene fomu eseese ua toe fa'afouina mo sitaili fa'avae faigofie. O nisi nei o suiga iloga:

<fieldset>s e leai ni tuaoi, padding, poʻo se pito e faigofie ona faʻaaogaina e fai ma afifi mo mea faʻaoga taʻitasi poʻo vaega o mea faʻaoga.
<legend>s, pei o fieldsets, ua toe fa'afo'i fo'i ina ia fa'aalia o se ulutala o ituaiga.
<label>s ua seti e display: inline-blockfa'ataga margine fa'aoga.
<input>s, <select>s, <textarea>s, ma <button>s e tele lava ina tautalagia e Normalize, ae Toe aveese latou marginma seti line-height: inherit, foi.
<textarea>s ua suia ina ia na'o le mafai ona sui i luga i luga o le sa'o e pei o le fa'alava fa'alava e masani ona "ta'atia" le fa'atulagaina o itulau.
<button>s ma <input>elemene faamau e iai le cursor: pointertaimi :not(:disabled).

O nei suiga, ma isi mea, o loʻo faʻaalia i lalo.

Fa'ata'ita'iga talatu'u

Fa'ata'ita'iga fa'aoga

Fa'ata'ita'iga imeli

Fa'ata'ita'iga telefoni

Fa'ata'ita'iga url

Fa'ata'ita'iga numera

Fa'ata'ita'iga su'esu'ega

Fa'ata'ita'iga lautele

Faataitaiga faila faila

Faataitaiga filifili

Siaki le pusa siaki lenei

O le filifiliga muamua o le mea lea ma lena Filifiliga lona lua o se isi mea e sili atu le umi e faʻaalia ai le afifiina o nei faʻatonuga foliga. O le filifiliga lona tolu ua le atoatoa

Fa'ata'ita'iga textarea

Fa'ata'ita'iga aso

Taimi fa'ata'ita'iga

Faataitaiga upu faataga

Fa'ata'ita'iga taimitaimi-fa'alenu'u

Fa'ata'ita'iga vaiaso

Faataitaiga masina

Fa'ata'ita'iga lanu

Faataitaiga galuega faatino 100

Aso & lanu lagolago i totonu

Ia manatua e le'o lagolagoina atoatoa e tagata su'esu'e uma mea e tu'uina atu i aso, o Safari.

Fa'ailoga i fa'amau

Toe fa'afou e aofia ai se fa'aleleia atili mo role="button"le suia o le fa'ailoga fa'aletonu i le pointer. Fa'aopoopo lenei uiga i elemene e fesoasoani e fa'ailoa ai elemene o lo'o fegalegaleai. O lenei matafaioi e le mana'omia mo <button>elemene, e maua a latou lava cursorsuiga.

Fa'amau elemene e leai se fa'amau

<span role="button" tabindex="0">Non-button element button</span>

Elemene eseese

tuatusi

Ua <address>toe faafou le elemene e toe setiina le faaletonu o le browser font-stylemai italici le normal. line-height‘ua fai fo‘i ma tofi, ma margin-bottom: 1rem‘ua fa‘aopoopoina. <address>s e mo le tu'uina atu o fa'amatalaga fa'afeso'ota'i mo tuaa lata ane (po'o se galuega atoa). Fa'asao le fa'atulagaina e ala i le fa'au'uina o laina i le <br>.

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Blockquote

Ole faaletonu marginile poloka upusii ole 1em 40px, o lea matou te toe setiina lena 0 0 1remmea mo se mea e sili atu ona ogatasi ma isi elemene.

O se upusii ta'uta'ua, o lo'o i totonu o se elemene poloka upusii.

O se tasi lauiloa i le Source Title

Elemene i totonu

The <abbr> element receives basic styling to make it stand out amongst paragraph text.

The HTML abbreviation element.

Summary

The default cursor on summary is text, so we reset that to pointer to convey that the element can be interacted with by clicking on it.

Some details

More info about the details.

Even more details

Here are even more details about the details.

HTML5 `[hidden]` attribute

HTML5 adds a new global attribute named [hidden], which is styled as display: none by default. Borrowing an idea from PureCSS, we improve upon this default by making [hidden] { display: none !important; } to help prevent its display from getting accidentally overridden.

<input type="text" hidden>

jQuery incompatibility

[hidden] is not compatible with jQuery’s $(...).hide() and $(...).show() methods. Therefore, we don’t currently especially endorse [hidden] over other techniques for managing the display of elements.

To merely toggle the visibility of an element, meaning its display is not modified and the element can still affect the flow of the document, use the .invisible class instead.

Toe fai

Auala

CSS fesuiaiga

Itulau fa'aletonu

Fa'aputu fa'aputu

CSS fesuiaiga

Ulutala ma parakalafa

Lisi

Fa'ailoga laina

Fa'ailoga poloka

Fuafuaga

Fa'aoga tagata

Fa'ata'ita'iga galuega

Laupapa

Fomu

Aso & lanu lagolago i totonu

Fa'ailoga i fa'amau

Elemene eseese

tuatusi

Blockquote

Elemene i totonu

Summary

HTML5 [hidden] attribute

jQuery incompatibility

HTML5 `[hidden]` attribute