Obrazci
Primeri in smernice za uporabo slogov nadzora obrazca, možnosti postavitve in komponent po meri za ustvarjanje najrazličnejših obrazcev.
Pregled
Kontrolniki obrazcev Bootstrap razširijo naše stile obrazcev Rebooted z razredi. Uporabite te razrede, da se odločite za njihove prilagojene prikaze za bolj dosledno upodabljanje v brskalnikih in napravah.
Prepričajte se, da uporabljate ustrezen type
atribut pri vseh vnosih (npr. email
za e-poštni naslov ali number
za številske informacije), da izkoristite novejše kontrolnike vnosa, kot je preverjanje e-pošte, izbira številk in več.
Tukaj je hiter primer za predstavitev slogov obrazcev Bootstrapa. Nadaljujte z branjem za dokumentacijo o zahtevanih razredih, postavitvi obrazca in več.
<form>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail1">Email address</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail1" aria-describedby="emailHelp">
<small id="emailHelp" class="form-text text-muted">We'll never share your email with anyone else.</small>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputPassword1">Password</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword1">
</div>
<div class="form-group form-check">
<input type="checkbox" class="form-check-input" id="exampleCheck1">
<label class="form-check-label" for="exampleCheck1">Check me out</label>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
</form>
Kontrolniki obrazca
Kontrolniki besedilne oblike, kot <input>
so s, <select>
s in <textarea>
s, so oblikovani z .form-control
razredom. Vključeni so slogi za splošni videz, stanje fokusa, velikost in drugo.
Bodite prepričani, da raziščete naše obrazce po meri , da še dodatno oblikujete <select>
.
<form>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleFormControlInput1">Email address</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleFormControlInput1" placeholder="[email protected]">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleFormControlSelect1">Example select</label>
<select class="form-control" id="exampleFormControlSelect1">
<option>1</option>
<option>2</option>
<option>3</option>
<option>4</option>
<option>5</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleFormControlSelect2">Example multiple select</label>
<select multiple class="form-control" id="exampleFormControlSelect2">
<option>1</option>
<option>2</option>
<option>3</option>
<option>4</option>
<option>5</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleFormControlTextarea1">Example textarea</label>
<textarea class="form-control" id="exampleFormControlTextarea1" rows="3"></textarea>
</div>
</form>
Za vnose datotek zamenjajte .form-control
za .form-control-file
.
<form>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleFormControlFile1">Example file input</label>
<input type="file" class="form-control-file" id="exampleFormControlFile1">
</div>
</form>
Dimenzioniranje
Nastavite višine z uporabo razredov, kot sta .form-control-lg
in .form-control-sm
.
<input class="form-control form-control-lg" type="text" placeholder=".form-control-lg">
<input class="form-control" type="text" placeholder="Default input">
<input class="form-control form-control-sm" type="text" placeholder=".form-control-sm">
<select class="form-control form-control-lg">
<option>Large select</option>
</select>
<select class="form-control">
<option>Default select</option>
</select>
<select class="form-control form-control-sm">
<option>Small select</option>
</select>
Le za branje
Vnosu dodajte readonly
logični atribut, da preprečite spreminjanje vrednosti vnosa. Vnosi samo za branje so videti svetlejši (tako kot onemogočeni vnosi), vendar ohranijo standardni kazalec.
<input class="form-control" type="text" placeholder="Readonly input here..." readonly>
Navadno besedilo samo za branje
Če želite, da so <input readonly>
elementi v vašem obrazcu oblikovani kot golo besedilo, uporabite .form-control-plaintext
razred, da odstranite privzeti slog polja obrazca in ohranite pravilen rob in oblazinjenje.
<form>
<div class="form-group row">
<label for="staticEmail" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Email</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="text" readonly class="form-control-plaintext" id="staticEmail" value="[email protected]">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group row">
<label for="inputPassword" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Password</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword">
</div>
</div>
</form>
<form class="form-inline">
<div class="form-group mb-2">
<label for="staticEmail2" class="sr-only">Email</label>
<input type="text" readonly class="form-control-plaintext" id="staticEmail2" value="[email protected]">
</div>
<div class="form-group mx-sm-3 mb-2">
<label for="inputPassword2" class="sr-only">Password</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword2" placeholder="Password">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary mb-2">Confirm identity</button>
</form>
Vhodi obsega
Nastavite vodoravno drsne vnose obsega z uporabo .form-control-range
.
<form>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="formControlRange">Example Range input</label>
<input type="range" class="form-control-range" id="formControlRange">
</div>
</form>
Potrditvena polja in radijski sprejemniki
Privzeta potrditvena polja in radii so izboljšani s pomočjo .form-check
enega samega razreda za obe vrsti vnosa, ki izboljša postavitev in obnašanje njunih elementov HTML . Potrditvena polja so namenjena izbiri ene ali več možnosti na seznamu, medtem ko so radijski sprejemniki namenjeni izbiri ene možnosti izmed mnogih.
Podprta so onemogočena potrditvena polja in radijski sprejemniki. Atribut disabled
bo uporabil svetlejšo barvo, da bo lažje označil stanje vnosa.
Potrditvena polja in izbirni gumbi podpirajo preverjanje obrazcev na podlagi HTML in zagotavljajo jedrnate, dostopne oznake. Kot taka sta naša <input>
s in <label>
s sorodna elementa v nasprotju z elementom <input>
znotraj a <label>
. To je nekoliko bolj podrobno, saj morate določiti atribute id
in for
za povezavo <input>
in <label>
.
Privzeto (naloženo)
Privzeto bo poljubno število potrditvenih polj in radijskih postaj, ki so neposredno sorodne, navpično zložene in ustrezno razmaknjene z .form-check
.
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="defaultCheck1">
<label class="form-check-label" for="defaultCheck1">
Default checkbox
</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="defaultCheck2" disabled>
<label class="form-check-label" for="defaultCheck2">
Disabled checkbox
</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="exampleRadios" id="exampleRadios1" value="option1" checked>
<label class="form-check-label" for="exampleRadios1">
Default radio
</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="exampleRadios" id="exampleRadios2" value="option2">
<label class="form-check-label" for="exampleRadios2">
Second default radio
</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="exampleRadios" id="exampleRadios3" value="option3" disabled>
<label class="form-check-label" for="exampleRadios3">
Disabled radio
</label>
</div>
V vrsti
Združite potrditvena polja ali radijske postaje v isto vodoravno vrstico tako, da jih dodate .form-check-inline
kateremu koli .form-check
.
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox1" value="option1">
<label class="form-check-label" for="inlineCheckbox1">1</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox2" value="option2">
<label class="form-check-label" for="inlineCheckbox2">2</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox3" value="option3" disabled>
<label class="form-check-label" for="inlineCheckbox3">3 (disabled)</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="inlineRadioOptions" id="inlineRadio1" value="option1">
<label class="form-check-label" for="inlineRadio1">1</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="inlineRadioOptions" id="inlineRadio2" value="option2">
<label class="form-check-label" for="inlineRadio2">2</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="inlineRadioOptions" id="inlineRadio3" value="option3" disabled>
<label class="form-check-label" for="inlineRadio3">3 (disabled)</label>
</div>
Brez nalepk
Dodaj .position-static
med vnose .form-check
, ki nimajo besedila oznake. Ne pozabite zagotoviti neke oblike oznake za podporne tehnologije (na primer uporaba aria-label
).
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input position-static" type="checkbox" id="blankCheckbox" value="option1" aria-label="...">
</div>
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input position-static" type="radio" name="blankRadio" id="blankRadio1" value="option1" aria-label="...">
</div>
Postavitev
Ker se Bootstrap uporablja display: block
za width: 100%
skoraj vse naše kontrolnike obrazcev, bodo obrazci privzeto zloženi navpično. Dodatne razrede je mogoče uporabiti za spreminjanje te postavitve glede na obrazec.
Oblikujte skupine
Razred .form-group
je najlažji način, da obrazcem dodate nekaj strukture. Zagotavlja prilagodljiv razred, ki spodbuja pravilno združevanje oznak, kontrolnikov, neobveznega besedila pomoči in sporočil za preverjanje obrazca. Privzeto velja le margin-bottom
, vendar po .form-inline
potrebi izbere dodatne sloge. Uporabite ga s <fieldset>
s, <div>
s ali skoraj katerim koli drugim elementom.
<form>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="formGroupExampleInput">Example label</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="formGroupExampleInput" placeholder="Example input placeholder">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="formGroupExampleInput2">Another label</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="formGroupExampleInput2" placeholder="Another input placeholder">
</div>
</form>
Mreža obrazca
Bolj zapletene oblike je mogoče zgraditi z uporabo naših mrežnih razredov. Uporabite jih za postavitve obrazcev, ki zahtevajo več stolpcev, različne širine in dodatne možnosti poravnave.
<form>
<div class="row">
<div class="col">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="First name">
</div>
<div class="col">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Last name">
</div>
</div>
</form>
Oblikujte vrstico
Zamenjate lahko tudi .row
za .form-row
, različico naše standardne mrežne vrstice, ki preglasi privzete žlebove stolpcev za tesnejše in bolj kompaktne postavitve.
<form>
<div class="form-row">
<div class="col">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="First name">
</div>
<div class="col">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Last name">
</div>
</div>
</form>
Z mrežnim sistemom je mogoče ustvariti tudi bolj zapletene postavitve.
<form>
<div class="form-row">
<div class="form-group col-md-6">
<label for="inputEmail4">Email</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail4">
</div>
<div class="form-group col-md-6">
<label for="inputPassword4">Password</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword4">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="inputAddress">Address</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputAddress" placeholder="1234 Main St">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="inputAddress2">Address 2</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputAddress2" placeholder="Apartment, studio, or floor">
</div>
<div class="form-row">
<div class="form-group col-md-6">
<label for="inputCity">City</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputCity">
</div>
<div class="form-group col-md-4">
<label for="inputState">State</label>
<select id="inputState" class="form-control">
<option selected>Choose...</option>
<option>...</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group col-md-2">
<label for="inputZip">Zip</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputZip">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="gridCheck">
<label class="form-check-label" for="gridCheck">
Check me out
</label>
</div>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Sign in</button>
</form>
Horizontalna oblika
Ustvarite vodoravne obrazce z mrežo tako, da dodate .row
razred skupinam obrazcev in z uporabo .col-*-*
razredov določite širino svojih oznak in kontrolnikov. Prepričajte se, da dodate .col-form-label
tudi svojim <label>
s, da bodo navpično centrirani s svojimi povezanimi kontrolniki obrazca.
Včasih boste morda morali uporabiti pripomočke za rob ali oblazinjenje, da ustvarite popolno poravnavo, ki jo potrebujete. Odstranili smo na primer oznako padding-top
na naših zloženih radijskih vhodih, da bi bolje poravnali osnovno črto besedila.
<form>
<div class="form-group row">
<label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Email</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail3">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group row">
<label for="inputPassword3" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Password</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword3">
</div>
</div>
<fieldset class="form-group">
<div class="row">
<legend class="col-form-label col-sm-2 pt-0">Radios</legend>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gridRadios" id="gridRadios1" value="option1" checked>
<label class="form-check-label" for="gridRadios1">
First radio
</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gridRadios" id="gridRadios2" value="option2">
<label class="form-check-label" for="gridRadios2">
Second radio
</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check disabled">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gridRadios" id="gridRadios3" value="option3" disabled>
<label class="form-check-label" for="gridRadios3">
Third disabled radio
</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</fieldset>
<div class="form-group row">
<div class="col-sm-2">Checkbox</div>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="gridCheck1">
<label class="form-check-label" for="gridCheck1">
Example checkbox
</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group row">
<div class="col-sm-10">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Sign in</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
Dimenzioniranje etikete vodoravne oblike
Bodite prepričani, da uporabite .col-form-label-sm
ali .col-form-label-lg
za vaš <label>
s ali <legend>
s, da pravilno sledite velikosti .form-control-lg
in .form-control-sm
.
<form>
<div class="form-group row">
<label for="colFormLabelSm" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label col-form-label-sm">Email</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="email" class="form-control form-control-sm" id="colFormLabelSm" placeholder="col-form-label-sm">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group row">
<label for="colFormLabel" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Email</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="colFormLabel" placeholder="col-form-label">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group row">
<label for="colFormLabelLg" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label col-form-label-lg">Email</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="email" class="form-control form-control-lg" id="colFormLabelLg" placeholder="col-form-label-lg">
</div>
</div>
</form>
Velikost stolpca
Kot je prikazano v prejšnjih primerih, vam naš mrežni sistem omogoča, da postavite poljubno število .col
s znotraj .row
ali .form-row
. Razpoložljivo širino si bodo enakomerno razdelili. Izberete lahko tudi podmnožico vaših stolpcev, ki bo zavzela več ali manj prostora, medtem ko preostali .col
s enakomerno razdelijo preostanek s posebnimi razredi stolpcev, kot je .col-7
.
<form>
<div class="form-row">
<div class="col-7">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="City">
</div>
<div class="col">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="State">
</div>
<div class="col">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Zip">
</div>
</div>
</form>
Samodejno določanje velikosti
Spodnji primer uporablja pripomoček flexbox za navpično centriranje vsebine in spremembe .col
, .col-auto
tako da vaši stolpci zavzamejo le toliko prostora, kot je potrebno. Povedano drugače, velikost stolpca je odvisna od vsebine.
<form>
<div class="form-row align-items-center">
<div class="col-auto">
<label class="sr-only" for="inlineFormInput">Name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control mb-2" id="inlineFormInput" placeholder="Jane Doe">
</div>
<div class="col-auto">
<label class="sr-only" for="inlineFormInputGroup">Username</label>
<div class="input-group mb-2">
<div class="input-group-prepend">
<div class="input-group-text">@</div>
</div>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inlineFormInputGroup" placeholder="Username">
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-auto">
<div class="form-check mb-2">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="autoSizingCheck">
<label class="form-check-label" for="autoSizingCheck">
Remember me
</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-auto">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary mb-2">Submit</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
Nato lahko to znova zmešate z razredi stolpcev, specifičnih za velikost.
<form>
<div class="form-row align-items-center">
<div class="col-sm-3 my-1">
<label class="sr-only" for="inlineFormInputName">Name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inlineFormInputName" placeholder="Jane Doe">
</div>
<div class="col-sm-3 my-1">
<label class="sr-only" for="inlineFormInputGroupUsername">Username</label>
<div class="input-group">
<div class="input-group-prepend">
<div class="input-group-text">@</div>
</div>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inlineFormInputGroupUsername" placeholder="Username">
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-auto my-1">
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="autoSizingCheck2">
<label class="form-check-label" for="autoSizingCheck2">
Remember me
</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-auto my-1">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
In seveda so podprti kontrolniki obrazcev po meri .
<form>
<div class="form-row align-items-center">
<div class="col-auto my-1">
<label class="mr-sm-2 sr-only" for="inlineFormCustomSelect">Preference</label>
<select class="custom-select mr-sm-2" id="inlineFormCustomSelect">
<option selected>Choose...</option>
<option value="1">One</option>
<option value="2">Two</option>
<option value="3">Three</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="col-auto my-1">
<div class="custom-control custom-checkbox mr-sm-2">
<input type="checkbox" class="custom-control-input" id="customControlAutosizing">
<label class="custom-control-label" for="customControlAutosizing">Remember my preference</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-auto my-1">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
Inline obrazci
Uporabite .form-inline
razred za prikaz serije oznak, kontrolnikov obrazca in gumbov v eni vodoravni vrstici. Kontrolniki obrazcev v vgrajenih obrazcih se nekoliko razlikujejo od privzetih stanj.
- Kontrolniki so
display: flex
, strnejo vsak prazen prostor HTML in vam omogočajo, da zagotovite nadzor poravnave s pripomočki za razmik in flexbox . - Kontrolniki in vnosne skupine prejmejo
width: auto
preglasitev privzete vrednosti Bootstrapwidth: 100%
. - Kontrolniki so prikazani samo v vrsticah v pogledih, ki so široki vsaj 576 slikovnih pik, da se upoštevajo ozki pogledi na mobilnih napravah.
Morda boste morali ročno obravnavati širino in poravnavo posameznih kontrolnikov obrazca s pripomočki za razmik (kot je prikazano spodaj). Na koncu se prepričajte, da z vsakim kontrolnikom obrazca vedno vključite a <label>
, tudi če ga morate skriti pred obiskovalci, ki ne uporabljajo bralnika zaslona, z .sr-only
.
<form class="form-inline">
<label class="sr-only" for="inlineFormInputName2">Name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control mb-2 mr-sm-2" id="inlineFormInputName2" placeholder="Jane Doe">
<label class="sr-only" for="inlineFormInputGroupUsername2">Username</label>
<div class="input-group mb-2 mr-sm-2">
<div class="input-group-prepend">
<div class="input-group-text">@</div>
</div>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inlineFormInputGroupUsername2" placeholder="Username">
</div>
<div class="form-check mb-2 mr-sm-2">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="inlineFormCheck">
<label class="form-check-label" for="inlineFormCheck">
Remember me
</label>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary mb-2">Submit</button>
</form>
Podprti so tudi kontrolniki in izbire obrazcev po meri.
<form class="form-inline">
<label class="my-1 mr-2" for="inlineFormCustomSelectPref">Preference</label>
<select class="custom-select my-1 mr-sm-2" id="inlineFormCustomSelectPref">
<option selected>Choose...</option>
<option value="1">One</option>
<option value="2">Two</option>
<option value="3">Three</option>
</select>
<div class="custom-control custom-checkbox my-1 mr-sm-2">
<input type="checkbox" class="custom-control-input" id="customControlInline">
<label class="custom-control-label" for="customControlInline">Remember my preference</label>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary my-1">Submit</button>
</form>
Alternative za skrite oznake
Podporne tehnologije, kot so bralniki zaslona, bodo imele težave z vašimi obrazci, če ne vključite oznake za vsak vnos. Za te vgrajene obrazce lahko skrijete oznake z uporabo .sr-only
razreda. Obstajajo še drugi alternativni načini zagotavljanja oznake za podporne tehnologije, kot je aria-label
atribut ali aria-labelledby
. title
Če nobeden od teh ni prisoten, lahko podporne tehnologije uporabijo placeholder
atribut, če je prisoten, vendar upoštevajte, da uporaba placeholder
kot nadomestilo za druge metode označevanja ni priporočljiva.
Besedilo pomoči
Besedilo pomoči na ravni bloka v obrazcih je mogoče ustvariti z .form-text
(prej znano kot .help-block
v v3). Besedilo pomoči v vrstici je mogoče prilagodljivo implementirati z uporabo katerega koli elementa HTML v vrstici in razredov pripomočkov, kot je .text-muted
.
Povezovanje besedila pomoči s kontrolniki obrazca
Besedilo pomoči mora biti izrecno povezano s kontrolnikom obrazca, na katerega se nanaša z uporabo aria-describedby
atributa. To bo zagotovilo, da bodo podporne tehnologije, kot so bralniki zaslona, objavile to besedilo pomoči, ko se uporabnik osredotoči ali vstopi v kontrolnik.
Besedilo pomoči pod vnosi je mogoče oblikovati z .form-text
. Ta razred vključuje display: block
in doda nekaj zgornjega roba za enostavno ločitev od zgornjih vnosov.
<label for="inputPassword5">Password</label>
<input type="password" id="inputPassword5" class="form-control" aria-describedby="passwordHelpBlock">
<small id="passwordHelpBlock" class="form-text text-muted">
Your password must be 8-20 characters long, contain letters and numbers, and must not contain spaces, special characters, or emoji.
</small>
Besedilo v vrstici lahko uporablja kateri koli tipičen element HTML v vrstici (naj bo to <small>
, <span>
, ali kaj drugega) z nič več kot razredom uporabnosti.
<form class="form-inline">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="inputPassword6">Password</label>
<input type="password" id="inputPassword6" class="form-control mx-sm-3" aria-describedby="passwordHelpInline">
<small id="passwordHelpInline" class="text-muted">
Must be 8-20 characters long.
</small>
</div>
</form>
Onemogočeni obrazci
V vnos dodajte disabled
logični atribut, da preprečite interakcije uporabnikov in naredite lažji.
<input class="form-control" id="disabledInput" type="text" placeholder="Disabled input here..." disabled>
Dodajte disabled
atribut a <fieldset>
, da onemogočite vse kontrole znotraj.
<form>
<fieldset disabled>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="disabledTextInput">Disabled input</label>
<input type="text" id="disabledTextInput" class="form-control" placeholder="Disabled input">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="disabledSelect">Disabled select menu</label>
<select id="disabledSelect" class="form-control">
<option>Disabled select</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="disabledFieldsetCheck" disabled>
<label class="form-check-label" for="disabledFieldsetCheck">
Can't check this
</label>
</div>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
</fieldset>
</form>
Opozorilo s sidri
Brskalniki bodo privzeto obravnavali vse izvorne kontrolnike obrazca ( <input>
, <select>
in <button>
elemente) znotraj <fieldset disabled>
kot onemogočene, kar bo preprečilo interakcije s tipkovnico in miško na njih. Če pa vaš obrazec vključuje tudi <a ... class="btn btn-*">
elemente, bodo ti dobili samo slog pointer-events: none
. Kot je navedeno v razdelku o onemogočenem stanju za gumbe (in posebej v podrazdelku za sidrne elemente), ta lastnost CSS še ni standardizirana in ni v celoti podprta v Internet Explorerju 10 ter uporabnikom tipkovnice ne bo preprečila, da bi se lahko osredotoči ali aktivira te povezave. Če želite biti varni, uporabite JavaScript po meri, da onemogočite takšne povezave.
Združljivost med brskalniki
Medtem ko bo Bootstrap uporabil te sloge v vseh brskalnikih, Internet Explorer 11 in novejši ne podpirajo v celoti disabled
atributa na <fieldset>
. Uporabite JavaScript po meri, da onemogočite nabor polj v teh brskalnikih.
Validacija
Zagotovite svojim uporabnikom dragocene in koristne povratne informacije s preverjanjem obrazca HTML5 – na voljo v vseh naših podprtih brskalnikih . Izbirajte med privzetimi povratnimi informacijami o preverjanju brskalnika ali implementirajte sporočila po meri z našimi vgrajenimi razredi in začetnim JavaScriptom.
Trenutno priporočamo uporabo stilov preverjanja po meri, saj privzeta sporočila za preverjanje izvornega brskalnika niso dosledno izpostavljena podpornim tehnologijam v vseh brskalnikih (predvsem Chrome v namizju in mobilni napravi).
Kako deluje
Takole deluje preverjanje obrazca z Bootstrapom:
- Preverjanje obrazca HTML se uporablja prek dveh psevdorazredov CSS
:invalid
in:valid
. Velja za elemente<input>
,<select>
in .<textarea>
- Bootstrap obsega
:invalid
in:valid
stile za nadrejeni.was-validated
razred, običajno uporabljen za<form>
. V nasprotnem primeru se vsako zahtevano polje brez vrednosti ob nalaganju strani prikaže kot neveljavno. Tako lahko izberete, kdaj jih želite aktivirati (običajno po poskusu oddaje obrazca). - Če želite ponastaviti videz obrazca (na primer v primeru dinamičnih oddaj obrazcev z uporabo AJAX), po oddaji znova odstranite
.was-validated
razred iz .<form>
- Namesto psevdorazredov za preverjanje veljavnosti na strani strežnika
.is-invalid
se lahko uporabijo tudi.is-valid
razredi . Ne potrebujejo nadrejenega razreda..was-validated
- Zaradi omejitev delovanja CSS ne moremo (trenutno) uporabiti slogov za a
<label>
, ki je pred kontrolnikom obrazca v DOM, brez pomoči JavaScripta po meri. - Vsi sodobni brskalniki podpirajo API za preverjanje omejitev , niz metod JavaScript za preverjanje kontrolnikov obrazcev.
- Sporočila s povratnimi informacijami lahko uporabljajo privzete nastavitve brskalnika (različne za vsak brskalnik in jih ni mogoče oblikovati prek CSS) ali naše sloge povratnih informacij po meri z dodatnima HTML in CSS.
setCustomValidity
V JavaScriptu lahko zagotovite sporočila o veljavnosti po meri .
S tem v mislih razmislite o naslednjih predstavitvah za naše sloge preverjanja obrazcev po meri, izbirne razrede na strani strežnika in privzete nastavitve brskalnika.
Slogi po meri
Za sporočila o preverjanju obrazca Bootstrap po meri boste morali dodati novalidate
logični atribut v svoj <form>
. To onemogoči privzete povratne informacije brskalnika, vendar še vedno omogoča dostop do API-jev za preverjanje obrazca v JavaScriptu. Poskusite oddati spodnji obrazec; naš JavaScript bo prestregel gumb za oddajo in vam posredoval povratne informacije. Ko boste poskušali oddati, boste videli sloge :invalid
in uporabljene za vaše kontrolnike obrazca.:valid
Slogi povratnih informacij po meri uporabljajo barve po meri, obrobe, sloge ostrenja in ikone ozadja za boljše posredovanje povratnih informacij. Ikone ozadja za <select>
s so na voljo samo z .custom-select
in ne .form-control
.
<form class="needs-validation" novalidate>
<div class="form-row">
<div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
<label for="validationCustom01">First name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom01" value="Mark" required>
<div class="valid-feedback">
Looks good!
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
<label for="validationCustom02">Last name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom02" value="Otto" required>
<div class="valid-feedback">
Looks good!
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
<label for="validationCustomUsername">Username</label>
<div class="input-group">
<div class="input-group-prepend">
<span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend">@</span>
</div>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustomUsername" aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend" required>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
Please choose a username.
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-row">
<div class="col-md-6 mb-3">
<label for="validationCustom03">City</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom03" required>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
Please provide a valid city.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
<label for="validationCustom04">State</label>
<select class="custom-select" id="validationCustom04" required>
<option selected disabled value="">Choose...</option>
<option>...</option>
</select>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
Please select a valid state.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
<label for="validationCustom05">Zip</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom05" required>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
Please provide a valid zip.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck" required>
<label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck">
Agree to terms and conditions
</label>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
You must agree before submitting.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
</form>
<script>
// Example starter JavaScript for disabling form submissions if there are invalid fields
(function() {
'use strict';
window.addEventListener('load', function() {
// Fetch all the forms we want to apply custom Bootstrap validation styles to
var forms = document.getElementsByClassName('needs-validation');
// Loop over them and prevent submission
var validation = Array.prototype.filter.call(forms, function(form) {
form.addEventListener('submit', function(event) {
if (form.checkValidity() === false) {
event.preventDefault();
event.stopPropagation();
}
form.classList.add('was-validated');
}, false);
});
}, false);
})();
</script>
Privzete nastavitve brskalnika
Vas ne zanimajo povratna sporočila preverjanja po meri ali pisanje JavaScripta za spreminjanje vedenja obrazcev? Vse v redu, lahko uporabite privzete nastavitve brskalnika. Poskusite oddati spodnji obrazec. Odvisno od vašega brskalnika in operacijskega sistema boste videli nekoliko drugačen slog povratnih informacij.
Čeprav teh slogov povratnih informacij ni mogoče oblikovati s CSS, lahko še vedno prilagodite besedilo povratnih informacij prek JavaScripta.
<form>
<div class="form-row">
<div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
<label for="validationDefault01">First name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault01" value="Mark" required>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
<label for="validationDefault02">Last name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault02" value="Otto" required>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
<label for="validationDefaultUsername">Username</label>
<div class="input-group">
<div class="input-group-prepend">
<span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend2">@</span>
</div>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefaultUsername" aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend2" required>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-row">
<div class="col-md-6 mb-3">
<label for="validationDefault03">City</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault03" required>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
<label for="validationDefault04">State</label>
<select class="custom-select" id="validationDefault04" required>
<option selected disabled value="">Choose...</option>
<option>...</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
<label for="validationDefault05">Zip</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault05" required>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck2" required>
<label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck2">
Agree to terms and conditions
</label>
</div>
</div>
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
</form>
Strežniška stran
Priporočamo uporabo preverjanja na strani odjemalca, če pa potrebujete preverjanje na strani strežnika, lahko označite neveljavna in veljavna polja obrazca z .is-invalid
in .is-valid
. Upoštevajte, da .invalid-feedback
je podprt tudi s temi razredi.
<form>
<div class="form-row">
<div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
<label for="validationServer01">First name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control is-valid" id="validationServer01" value="Mark" required>
<div class="valid-feedback">
Looks good!
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
<label for="validationServer02">Last name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control is-valid" id="validationServer02" value="Otto" required>
<div class="valid-feedback">
Looks good!
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
<label for="validationServerUsername">Username</label>
<div class="input-group">
<div class="input-group-prepend">
<span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend3">@</span>
</div>
<input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServerUsername" aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend3" required>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
Please choose a username.
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-row">
<div class="col-md-6 mb-3">
<label for="validationServer03">City</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServer03" required>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
Please provide a valid city.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
<label for="validationServer04">State</label>
<select class="custom-select is-invalid" id="validationServer04" required>
<option selected disabled value="">Choose...</option>
<option>...</option>
</select>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
Please select a valid state.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
<label for="validationServer05">Zip</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServer05" required>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
Please provide a valid zip.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input is-invalid" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck3" required>
<label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck3">
Agree to terms and conditions
</label>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
You must agree before submitting.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
</form>
Supported elements
Validation styles are available for the following form controls and components:
<input>
s and<textarea>
s with.form-control
(including up to one.form-control
in input groups)<select>
s with.form-control
or.custom-select
.form-check
s.custom-checkbox
s and.custom-radio
s.custom-file
<form class="was-validated">
<div class="mb-3">
<label for="validationTextarea">Textarea</label>
<textarea class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationTextarea" placeholder="Required example textarea" required></textarea>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
Please enter a message in the textarea.
</div>
</div>
<div class="custom-control custom-checkbox mb-3">
<input type="checkbox" class="custom-control-input" id="customControlValidation1" required>
<label class="custom-control-label" for="customControlValidation1">Check this custom checkbox</label>
<div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid feedback text</div>
</div>
<div class="custom-control custom-radio">
<input type="radio" class="custom-control-input" id="customControlValidation2" name="radio-stacked" required>
<label class="custom-control-label" for="customControlValidation2">Toggle this custom radio</label>
</div>
<div class="custom-control custom-radio mb-3">
<input type="radio" class="custom-control-input" id="customControlValidation3" name="radio-stacked" required>
<label class="custom-control-label" for="customControlValidation3">Or toggle this other custom radio</label>
<div class="invalid-feedback">More example invalid feedback text</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<select class="custom-select" required>
<option value="">Open this select menu</option>
<option value="1">One</option>
<option value="2">Two</option>
<option value="3">Three</option>
</select>
<div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid custom select feedback</div>
</div>
<div class="custom-file">
<input type="file" class="custom-file-input" id="validatedCustomFile" required>
<label class="custom-file-label" for="validatedCustomFile">Choose file...</label>
<div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid custom file feedback</div>
</div>
</form>
Tooltips
If your form layout allows it, you can swap the .{valid|invalid}-feedback
classes for .{valid|invalid}-tooltip
classes to display validation feedback in a styled tooltip. Be sure to have a parent with position: relative
on it for tooltip positioning. In the example below, our column classes have this already, but your project may require an alternative setup.
<form class="needs-validation" novalidate>
<div class="form-row">
<div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
<label for="validationTooltip01">First name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip01" value="Mark" required>
<div class="valid-tooltip">
Looks good!
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
<label for="validationTooltip02">Last name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip02" value="Otto" required>
<div class="valid-tooltip">
Looks good!
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
<label for="validationTooltipUsername">Username</label>
<div class="input-group">
<div class="input-group-prepend">
<span class="input-group-text" id="validationTooltipUsernamePrepend">@</span>
</div>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltipUsername" aria-describedby="validationTooltipUsernamePrepend" required>
<div class="invalid-tooltip">
Please choose a unique and valid username.
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-row">
<div class="col-md-6 mb-3">
<label for="validationTooltip03">City</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip03" required>
<div class="invalid-tooltip">
Please provide a valid city.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
<label for="validationTooltip04">State</label>
<select class="custom-select" id="validationTooltip04" required>
<option selected disabled value="">Choose...</option>
<option>...</option>
</select>
<div class="invalid-tooltip">
Please select a valid state.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 mb-3">
<label for="validationTooltip05">Zip</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip05" required>
<div class="invalid-tooltip">
Please provide a valid zip.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
</form>
Customizing
Validation states can be customized via Sass with the $form-validation-states
map. Located in our _variables.scss
file, this Sass map is looped over to generate the default valid
/invalid
validation states. Included is a nested map for customizing each state’s color and icon. While no other states are supported by browsers, those using custom styles can easily add more complex form feedback.
Please note that we do not recommend customizing these values without also modifying the form-validation-state
mixin.
// Sass map from `_variables.scss`
// Override this and recompile your Sass to generate different states
$form-validation-states: map-merge(
(
"valid": (
"color": $form-feedback-valid-color,
"icon": $form-feedback-icon-valid
),
"invalid": (
"color": $form-feedback-invalid-color,
"icon": $form-feedback-icon-invalid
)
),
$form-validation-states
);
// Loop from `_forms.scss`
// Any modifications to the above Sass map will be reflected in your compiled
// CSS via this loop.
@each $state, $data in $form-validation-states {
@include form-validation-state($state, map-get($data, color), map-get($data, icon));
}
Custom forms
For even more customization and cross browser consistency, use our completely custom form elements to replace the browser defaults. They’re built on top of semantic and accessible markup, so they’re solid replacements for any default form control.
Checkboxes and radios
Each checkbox and radio <input>
and <label>
pairing is wrapped in a <div>
to create our custom control. Structurally, this is the same approach as our default .form-check
.
We use the sibling selector (~
) for all our <input>
states—like :checked
—to properly style our custom form indicator. When combined with the .custom-control-label
class, we can also style the text for each item based on the <input>
’s state.
We hide the default <input>
with opacity
and use the .custom-control-label
to build a new custom form indicator in its place with ::before
and ::after
. Unfortunately we can’t build a custom one from just the <input>
because CSS’s content
doesn’t work on that element.
In the checked states, we use base64 embedded SVG icons from Open Iconic. This provides us the best control for styling and positioning across browsers and devices.
Checkboxes
<div class="custom-control custom-checkbox">
<input type="checkbox" class="custom-control-input" id="customCheck1">
<label class="custom-control-label" for="customCheck1">Check this custom checkbox</label>
</div>
Custom checkboxes can also utilize the :indeterminate
pseudo class when manually set via JavaScript (there is no available HTML attribute for specifying it).
If you’re using jQuery, something like this should suffice:
$('.your-checkbox').prop('indeterminate', true)
Radios
<div class="custom-control custom-radio">
<input type="radio" id="customRadio1" name="customRadio" class="custom-control-input">
<label class="custom-control-label" for="customRadio1">Toggle this custom radio</label>
</div>
<div class="custom-control custom-radio">
<input type="radio" id="customRadio2" name="customRadio" class="custom-control-input">
<label class="custom-control-label" for="customRadio2">Or toggle this other custom radio</label>
</div>
Inline
<div class="custom-control custom-radio custom-control-inline">
<input type="radio" id="customRadioInline1" name="customRadioInline1" class="custom-control-input">
<label class="custom-control-label" for="customRadioInline1">Toggle this custom radio</label>
</div>
<div class="custom-control custom-radio custom-control-inline">
<input type="radio" id="customRadioInline2" name="customRadioInline1" class="custom-control-input">
<label class="custom-control-label" for="customRadioInline2">Or toggle this other custom radio</label>
</div>
Disabled
Custom checkboxes and radios can also be disabled. Add the disabled
boolean attribute to the <input>
and the custom indicator and label description will be automatically styled.
<div class="custom-control custom-checkbox">
<input type="checkbox" class="custom-control-input" id="customCheckDisabled1" disabled>
<label class="custom-control-label" for="customCheckDisabled1">Check this custom checkbox</label>
</div>
<div class="custom-control custom-radio">
<input type="radio" name="radioDisabled" id="customRadioDisabled2" class="custom-control-input" disabled>
<label class="custom-control-label" for="customRadioDisabled2">Toggle this custom radio</label>
</div>
Switches
A switch has the markup of a custom checkbox but uses the .custom-switch
class to render a toggle switch. Switches also support the disabled
attribute.
<div class="custom-control custom-switch">
<input type="checkbox" class="custom-control-input" id="customSwitch1">
<label class="custom-control-label" for="customSwitch1">Toggle this switch element</label>
</div>
<div class="custom-control custom-switch">
<input type="checkbox" class="custom-control-input" disabled id="customSwitch2">
<label class="custom-control-label" for="customSwitch2">Disabled switch element</label>
</div>
Select menu
Custom <select>
menus need only a custom class, .custom-select
to trigger the custom styles. Custom styles are limited to the <select>
’s initial appearance and cannot modify the <option>
s due to browser limitations.
<select class="custom-select">
<option selected>Open this select menu</option>
<option value="1">One</option>
<option value="2">Two</option>
<option value="3">Three</option>
</select>
You may also choose from small and large custom selects to match our similarly sized text inputs.
<select class="custom-select custom-select-lg mb-3">
<option selected>Open this select menu</option>
<option value="1">One</option>
<option value="2">Two</option>
<option value="3">Three</option>
</select>
<select class="custom-select custom-select-sm">
<option selected>Open this select menu</option>
<option value="1">One</option>
<option value="2">Two</option>
<option value="3">Three</option>
</select>
The multiple
attribute is also supported:
<select class="custom-select" multiple>
<option selected>Open this select menu</option>
<option value="1">One</option>
<option value="2">Two</option>
<option value="3">Three</option>
</select>
As is the size
attribute:
<select class="custom-select" size="3">
<option selected>Open this select menu</option>
<option value="1">One</option>
<option value="2">Two</option>
<option value="3">Three</option>
</select>
Range
Create custom <input type="range">
controls with .custom-range
. The track (the background) and thumb (the value) are both styled to appear the same across browsers. As only IE and Firefox support “filling” their track from the left or right of the thumb as a means to visually indicate progress, we do not currently support it.
<label for="customRange1">Example range</label>
<input type="range" class="custom-range" id="customRange1">
Range inputs have implicit values for min
and max
—0
and 100
, respectively. You may specify new values for those using the min
and max
attributes.
<label for="customRange2">Example range</label>
<input type="range" class="custom-range" min="0" max="5" id="customRange2">
By default, range inputs “snap” to integer values. To change this, you can specify a step
value. In the example below, we double the number of steps by using step="0.5"
.
<label for="customRange3">Example range</label>
<input type="range" class="custom-range" min="0" max="5" step="0.5" id="customRange3">
File browser
The recommended plugin to animate custom file input: bs-custom-file-input, that’s what we are using currently here in our docs.
The file input is the most gnarly of the bunch and requires additional JavaScript if you’d like to hook them up with functional Choose file… and selected file name text.
<div class="custom-file">
<input type="file" class="custom-file-input" id="customFile">
<label class="custom-file-label" for="customFile">Choose file</label>
</div>
We hide the default file <input>
via opacity
and instead style the <label>
. The button is generated and positioned with ::after
. Lastly, we declare a width
and height
on the <input>
for proper spacing for surrounding content.
Translating or customizing the strings with SCSS
The :lang()
pseudo-class is used to allow for translation of the “Browse” text into other languages. Override or add entries to the $custom-file-text
Sass variable with the relevant language tag and localized strings. The English strings can be customized the same way. For example, here’s how one might add a Spanish translation (Spanish’s language code is es
):
$custom-file-text: (
en: "Browse",
es: "Elegir"
);
Here’s lang(es)
in action on the custom file input for a Spanish translation:
<div class="custom-file">
<input type="file" class="custom-file-input" id="customFileLang" lang="es">
<label class="custom-file-label" for="customFileLang">Seleccionar Archivo</label>
</div>
You’ll need to set the language of your document (or subtree thereof) correctly in order for the correct text to be shown. This can be done using the lang
attribute on the <html>
element or the Content-Language
HTTP header, among other methods.
Prevajanje ali prilagajanje nizov s HTML
Bootstrap ponuja tudi način za prevajanje besedila »Prebrskaj« v HTML z data-browse
atributom, ki ga je mogoče dodati oznaki vnosa po meri (primer v nizozemščini):
<div class="custom-file">
<input type="file" class="custom-file-input" id="customFileLangHTML">
<label class="custom-file-label" for="customFileLangHTML" data-browse="Bestand kiezen">Voeg je document toe</label>
</div>