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Validatioun

Gitt wäertvoll, handlungsfäeg Feedback un Är Benotzer mat HTML5 Form Validatioun, iwwer Browser Standardverhalen oder personaliséiert Stiler a JavaScript.

Op dëser Säit
Mir si bewosst datt de Moment de Client-Säit personaliséiert Validatiounsstiler an Tooltips net zougänglech sinn, well se net mat Hëllefstechnologien ausgesat sinn. Wärend mir un enger Léisung schaffen, empfeelen mir entweder d'Server-Säit Optioun oder d'Standardbrowser Validatiounsmethod ze benotzen.

Wéi et funktionnéiert

Hei ass wéi d'Formvalidatioun mat Bootstrap funktionnéiert:

  • HTML Form Validatioun gëtt iwwer CSS zwou Pseudo-Klassen applizéiert, :invalidan :valid. Et gëllt fir <input>, <select>, an <textarea>Elementer.
  • Bootstrap scopes der :invalida :validStiler zu Elterendeel .was-validatedKlass, normalerweis applizéiert op d' <form>. Soss gëtt all erfuerdert Feld ouni Wäert als ongëlteg op der Säitladung gewisen. Op dës Manéier kënnt Dir wielen wéini Dir se aktivéiere wëllt (typesch nodeems d'Formuléierung versicht ass).
  • Fir d'Erscheinung vum Formulaire zréckzetrieden (zum Beispill am Fall vun dynamesche Formuléierunge mat AJAX), läscht d' .was-validatedKlass aus der <form>erëm no der Soumissioun.
  • Als Réckfall, .is-invalida .is-validKlassen kënnen amplaz vun de Pseudo-Klassen fir Server-Säit Validatioun benotzt ginn . Si erfuerderen keng .was-validatedElterenklass.
  • Wéinst Aschränkungen a wéi CSS funktionnéiert, kënne mir (am Moment) Stiler net applizéieren op eng <label>déi virun enger Form Kontroll an der DOM kënnt ouni d'Hëllef vu personaliséierten JavaScript.
  • All modern Browser ënnerstëtzen d' Constraint Validation API , eng Serie vu JavaScript Methoden fir d'Validatioun vun Form Kontrollen.
  • Feedback Messagen kënnen d' Browser Defaults benotzen (ënnerscheed fir all Browser, an onstylbar iwwer CSS) oder eis personaliséiert Feedback Stiler mat zousätzlech HTML an CSS.
  • Dir kënnt personaliséiert Validitéit Messagen mat setCustomValidityJavaScript ubidden.

Mat deem vergiessen, betruecht déi folgend Demos fir eis personaliséiert Form Validatioun Stiler, optional Server-Säit Klassen, a Browser Default.

Benotzerdefinéiert Stiler

Fir personaliséiert Bootstrap Form Validatioun Messagen, musst Dir de novalidatebooleschen Attribut op Är <form>. Dëst deaktivéiert de Browser Standardfeedback Tooltipps, awer gëtt ëmmer nach Zougang zu de Formvalidatiouns-APIs a JavaScript. Probéiert de Formulaire hei drënner ofzeginn; eis JavaScript interceptéiert de Submit Button a relais Feedback un Iech. Wann Dir probéiert ofzeginn, gesitt Dir d' Stiler :invalida :validStiler op Är Form Kontrollen applizéiert.

Benotzerdefinéiert Feedback Stiler gëllen personaliséiert Faarwen, Grenzen, Fokusstiler an Hannergrondikonen fir besser Feedback ze kommunizéieren. Hannergrond Symboler fir <select>s sinn nëmme verfügbar mat .form-select, an net .form-control.

Gesäit gutt aus!
Gesäit gutt aus!
@
Wielt w.e.g. e Benotzernumm.
Gitt weg eng valabel Stad.
Wielt w.e.g. e gültege Staat.
Gitt w.e.g. eng valabel Zip.
Dir musst averstanen ier Dir ofgitt.
html 
<form class="row g-3 needs-validation" novalidate>
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationCustom01" class="form-label">First name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom01" value="Mark" required>
    <div class="valid-feedback">
      Looks good!
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationCustom02" class="form-label">Last name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom02" value="Otto" required>
    <div class="valid-feedback">
      Looks good!
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationCustomUsername" class="form-label">Username</label>
    <div class="input-group has-validation">
      <span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend">@</span>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustomUsername" aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend" required>
      <div class="invalid-feedback">
        Please choose a username.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-6">
    <label for="validationCustom03" class="form-label">City</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom03" required>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">
      Please provide a valid city.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-3">
    <label for="validationCustom04" class="form-label">State</label>
    <select class="form-select" id="validationCustom04" required>
      <option selected disabled value="">Choose...</option>
      <option>...</option>
    </select>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">
      Please select a valid state.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-3">
    <label for="validationCustom05" class="form-label">Zip</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom05" required>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">
      Please provide a valid zip.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <div class="form-check">
      <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck" required>
      <label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck">
        Agree to terms and conditions
      </label>
      <div class="invalid-feedback">
        You must agree before submitting.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
  </div>
</form>
// Example starter JavaScript for disabling form submissions if there are invalid fields
(() => {
  'use strict'

  // Fetch all the forms we want to apply custom Bootstrap validation styles to
  const forms = document.querySelectorAll('.needs-validation')

  // Loop over them and prevent submission
  Array.from(forms).forEach(form => {
    form.addEventListener('submit', event => {
      if (!form.checkValidity()) {
        event.preventDefault()
        event.stopPropagation()
      }

      form.classList.add('was-validated')
    }, false)
  })
})()

Browser Defaults

Net interesséiert fir personaliséiert Validatioun Feedback Messagen oder JavaScript ze schreiwen fir Form Verhalen z'änneren? Alles gutt, Dir kënnt de Browser Default benotzen. Probéiert de Formulaire hei drënner ofzeginn. Ofhängeg vun Ärem Browser an OS, gesitt Dir e bëssen anere Feedbackstil.

Wärend dës Feedbackstiler net mat CSS stylesch kënne ginn, kënnt Dir ëmmer nach de Feedbacktext duerch JavaScript personaliséieren.

@
html 
<form class="row g-3">
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationDefault01" class="form-label">First name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault01" value="Mark" required>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationDefault02" class="form-label">Last name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault02" value="Otto" required>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationDefaultUsername" class="form-label">Username</label>
    <div class="input-group">
      <span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend2">@</span>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefaultUsername"  aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend2" required>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-6">
    <label for="validationDefault03" class="form-label">City</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault03" required>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-3">
    <label for="validationDefault04" class="form-label">State</label>
    <select class="form-select" id="validationDefault04" required>
      <option selected disabled value="">Choose...</option>
      <option>...</option>
    </select>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-3">
    <label for="validationDefault05" class="form-label">Zip</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault05" required>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <div class="form-check">
      <input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck2" required>
      <label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck2">
        Agree to terms and conditions
      </label>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
  </div>
</form>

Server Säit

Mir recommandéieren Client-Säit Validatioun benotzen, mä am Fall wou Dir Server-Säit Validatioun verlaangen, Dir kënnt ongëlteg a valabel Form Felder mat .is-invalidan uginn .is-valid. Notéiert datt .invalid-feedbackoch mat dëse Klassen ënnerstëtzt gëtt.

Fir ongëlteg Felder, vergewëssert Iech datt den ongültege Feedback / Fehlermeldung mat dem entspriechende Formulairefeld assoziéiert ass aria-describedby(notéiert datt dëst Attribut erlaabt datt méi wéi ee idreferenzéiert gëtt, am Fall wou d'Feld schonn op zousätzlech Formtext weist).

Fir Problemer mam Grenzradius ze fixéieren , erfuerderen Inputgruppen eng zousätzlech .has-validationKlass.

Gesäit gutt aus!
Gesäit gutt aus!
@
Wielt w.e.g. e Benotzernumm.
Gitt weg eng valabel Stad.
Wielt w.e.g. e gültege Staat.
Gitt w.e.g. eng valabel Zip.
Dir musst averstanen ier Dir ofgitt.
html 
<form class="row g-3">
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationServer01" class="form-label">First name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control is-valid" id="validationServer01" value="Mark" required>
    <div class="valid-feedback">
      Looks good!
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationServer02" class="form-label">Last name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control is-valid" id="validationServer02" value="Otto" required>
    <div class="valid-feedback">
      Looks good!
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4">
    <label for="validationServerUsername" class="form-label">Username</label>
    <div class="input-group has-validation">
      <span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend3">@</span>
      <input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServerUsername" aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend3 validationServerUsernameFeedback" required>
      <div id="validationServerUsernameFeedback" class="invalid-feedback">
        Please choose a username.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-6">
    <label for="validationServer03" class="form-label">City</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServer03" aria-describedby="validationServer03Feedback" required>
    <div id="validationServer03Feedback" class="invalid-feedback">
      Please provide a valid city.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-3">
    <label for="validationServer04" class="form-label">State</label>
    <select class="form-select is-invalid" id="validationServer04" aria-describedby="validationServer04Feedback" required>
      <option selected disabled value="">Choose...</option>
      <option>...</option>
    </select>
    <div id="validationServer04Feedback" class="invalid-feedback">
      Please select a valid state.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-3">
    <label for="validationServer05" class="form-label">Zip</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServer05" aria-describedby="validationServer05Feedback" required>
    <div id="validationServer05Feedback" class="invalid-feedback">
      Please provide a valid zip.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <div class="form-check">
      <input class="form-check-input is-invalid" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck3" aria-describedby="invalidCheck3Feedback" required>
      <label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck3">
        Agree to terms and conditions
      </label>
      <div id="invalidCheck3Feedback" class="invalid-feedback">
        You must agree before submitting.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
  </div>
</form>

Ënnerstëtzt Elementer

Validatiounsstile si verfügbar fir déi folgend Form Kontrollen a Komponenten:

  • <input>s an <textarea>s mat .form-control(och bis zu een .form-controlan Inputgruppen)
  • <select>s mat.form-select
  • .form-checks
Gitt weg e Message am Textberäich.
Beispill ongülteg Feedback Text
Méi Beispill ongülteg Feedback Text
Beispill ongëlteg wielt Feedback
Beispill ongëlteg Form Fichier Feedback
html 
<form class="was-validated">
  <div class="mb-3">
    <label for="validationTextarea" class="form-label">Textarea</label>
    <textarea class="form-control" id="validationTextarea" placeholder="Required example textarea" required></textarea>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">
      Please enter a message in the textarea.
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="form-check mb-3">
    <input type="checkbox" class="form-check-input" id="validationFormCheck1" required>
    <label class="form-check-label" for="validationFormCheck1">Check this checkbox</label>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid feedback text</div>
  </div>

  <div class="form-check">
    <input type="radio" class="form-check-input" id="validationFormCheck2" name="radio-stacked" required>
    <label class="form-check-label" for="validationFormCheck2">Toggle this radio</label>
  </div>
  <div class="form-check mb-3">
    <input type="radio" class="form-check-input" id="validationFormCheck3" name="radio-stacked" required>
    <label class="form-check-label" for="validationFormCheck3">Or toggle this other radio</label>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">More example invalid feedback text</div>
  </div>

  <div class="mb-3">
    <select class="form-select" required aria-label="select example">
      <option value="">Open this select menu</option>
      <option value="1">One</option>
      <option value="2">Two</option>
      <option value="3">Three</option>
    </select>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid select feedback</div>
  </div>

  <div class="mb-3">
    <input type="file" class="form-control" aria-label="file example" required>
    <div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid form file feedback</div>
  </div>

  <div class="mb-3">
    <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit" disabled>Submit form</button>
  </div>
</form>

Tooltips

Wann Äre Formulaire Layout et erlaabt, kënnt Dir d' .{valid|invalid}-feedbackKlassen fir .{valid|invalid}-tooltipKlassen austauschen fir Validatiounsfeedback an engem styleschen Tooltip ze weisen. Ginn sécher engem Elterendeel mat position: relativeop et fir tooltip Positionéierung. Am Beispill hei drënner hunn eis Kolonnklassen dëst schonn, awer Äre Projet kann en alternativen Setup erfuerderen.

Gesäit gutt aus!
Gesäit gutt aus!
@
Wielt w.e.g. en eenzegaartegen a gültege Benotzernumm.
Gitt weg eng valabel Stad.
Wielt w.e.g. e gültege Staat.
Gitt w.e.g. eng valabel Zip.
html 
<form class="row g-3 needs-validation" novalidate>
  <div class="col-md-4 position-relative">
    <label for="validationTooltip01" class="form-label">First name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip01" value="Mark" required>
    <div class="valid-tooltip">
      Looks good!
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4 position-relative">
    <label for="validationTooltip02" class="form-label">Last name</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip02" value="Otto" required>
    <div class="valid-tooltip">
      Looks good!
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-4 position-relative">
    <label for="validationTooltipUsername" class="form-label">Username</label>
    <div class="input-group has-validation">
      <span class="input-group-text" id="validationTooltipUsernamePrepend">@</span>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltipUsername" aria-describedby="validationTooltipUsernamePrepend" required>
      <div class="invalid-tooltip">
        Please choose a unique and valid username.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-6 position-relative">
    <label for="validationTooltip03" class="form-label">City</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip03" required>
    <div class="invalid-tooltip">
      Please provide a valid city.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-3 position-relative">
    <label for="validationTooltip04" class="form-label">State</label>
    <select class="form-select" id="validationTooltip04" required>
      <option selected disabled value="">Choose...</option>
      <option>...</option>
    </select>
    <div class="invalid-tooltip">
      Please select a valid state.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-md-3 position-relative">
    <label for="validationTooltip05" class="form-label">Zip</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip05" required>
    <div class="invalid-tooltip">
      Please provide a valid zip.
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="col-12">
    <button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
  </div>
</form>

Sass

Variablen

$form-feedback-margin-top:          $form-text-margin-top;
$form-feedback-font-size:           $form-text-font-size;
$form-feedback-font-style:          $form-text-font-style;
$form-feedback-valid-color:         $success;
$form-feedback-invalid-color:       $danger;

$form-feedback-icon-valid-color:    $form-feedback-valid-color;
$form-feedback-icon-valid:          url("data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 8 8'><path fill='#{$form-feedback-icon-valid-color}' d='M2.3 6.73.6 4.53c-.4-1.04.46-1.4 1.1-.8l1.1 1.4 3.4-3.8c.6-.63 1.6-.27 1.2.7l-4 4.6c-.43.5-.8.4-1.1.1z'/></svg>");
$form-feedback-icon-invalid-color:  $form-feedback-invalid-color;
$form-feedback-icon-invalid:        url("data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 12 12' width='12' height='12' fill='none' stroke='#{$form-feedback-icon-invalid-color}'><circle cx='6' cy='6' r='4.5'/><path stroke-linejoin='round' d='M5.8 3.6h.4L6 6.5z'/><circle cx='6' cy='8.2' r='.6' fill='#{$form-feedback-icon-invalid-color}' stroke='none'/></svg>");

Mixins

Zwee Mixins ginn zesumme kombinéiert, duerch eis Loop , fir eis Formvalidatiounsfeedback Stiler ze generéieren.

@mixin form-validation-state-selector($state) {
  @if ($state == "valid" or $state == "invalid") {
    .was-validated #{if(&, "&", "")}:#{$state},
    #{if(&, "&", "")}.is-#{$state} {
      @content;
    }
  } @else {
    #{if(&, "&", "")}.is-#{$state} {
      @content;
    }
  }
}

@mixin form-validation-state(
  $state,
  $color,
  $icon,
  $tooltip-color: color-contrast($color),
  $tooltip-bg-color: rgba($color, $form-feedback-tooltip-opacity),
  $focus-box-shadow: 0 0 $input-btn-focus-blur $input-focus-width rgba($color, $input-btn-focus-color-opacity)
) {
  .#{$state}-feedback {
    display: none;
    width: 100%;
    margin-top: $form-feedback-margin-top;
    @include font-size($form-feedback-font-size);
    font-style: $form-feedback-font-style;
    color: $color;
  }

  .#{$state}-tooltip {
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    z-index: 5;
    display: none;
    max-width: 100%; // Contain to parent when possible
    padding: $form-feedback-tooltip-padding-y $form-feedback-tooltip-padding-x;
    margin-top: .1rem;
    @include font-size($form-feedback-tooltip-font-size);
    line-height: $form-feedback-tooltip-line-height;
    color: $tooltip-color;
    background-color: $tooltip-bg-color;
    @include border-radius($form-feedback-tooltip-border-radius);
  }

  @include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
    ~ .#{$state}-feedback,
    ~ .#{$state}-tooltip {
      display: block;
    }
  }

  .form-control {
    @include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
      border-color: $color;

      @if $enable-validation-icons {
        padding-right: $input-height-inner;
        background-image: escape-svg($icon);
        background-repeat: no-repeat;
        background-position: right $input-height-inner-quarter center;
        background-size: $input-height-inner-half $input-height-inner-half;
      }

      &:focus {
        border-color: $color;
        box-shadow: $focus-box-shadow;
      }
    }
  }

  // stylelint-disable-next-line selector-no-qualifying-type
  textarea.form-control {
    @include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
      @if $enable-validation-icons {
        padding-right: $input-height-inner;
        background-position: top $input-height-inner-quarter right $input-height-inner-quarter;
      }
    }
  }

  .form-select {
    @include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
      border-color: $color;

      @if $enable-validation-icons {
        &:not([multiple]):not([size]),
        &:not([multiple])[size="1"] {
          padding-right: $form-select-feedback-icon-padding-end;
          background-image: escape-svg($form-select-indicator), escape-svg($icon);
          background-position: $form-select-bg-position, $form-select-feedback-icon-position;
          background-size: $form-select-bg-size, $form-select-feedback-icon-size;
        }
      }

      &:focus {
        border-color: $color;
        box-shadow: $focus-box-shadow;
      }
    }
  }

  .form-control-color {
    @include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
      @if $enable-validation-icons {
        width: add($form-color-width, $input-height-inner);
      }
    }
  }

  .form-check-input {
    @include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
      border-color: $color;

      &:checked {
        background-color: $color;
      }

      &:focus {
        box-shadow: $focus-box-shadow;
      }

      ~ .form-check-label {
        color: $color;
      }
    }
  }
  .form-check-inline .form-check-input {
    ~ .#{$state}-feedback {
      margin-left: .5em;
    }
  }

  .input-group {
    > .form-control:not(:focus),
    > .form-select:not(:focus),
    > .form-floating:not(:focus-within) {
      @include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
        @if $state == "valid" {
          z-index: 3;
        } @else if $state == "invalid" {
          z-index: 4;
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Kaart

Dëst ass d'Validatioun Sass Kaart vun _variables.scss. Iwwerdribblen oder verlängeren dëst fir verschidde oder zousätzlech Staaten ze generéieren.

$form-validation-states: (
  "valid": (
    "color": $form-feedback-valid-color,
    "icon": $form-feedback-icon-valid
  ),
  "invalid": (
    "color": $form-feedback-invalid-color,
    "icon": $form-feedback-icon-invalid
  )
);

Kaarte vu $form-validation-stateskënnen dräi fakultativ Parameteren enthalen fir Tooltips a Fokusstiler ze iwwerschreiden.

Loop

Benotzt fir iwwer Kaartwäerter ze iteréieren $form-validation-statesfir eis Validatiounsstiler ze generéieren. All Ännerunge vun der uewe genannter Sass Kaart ginn an Ärer kompiléierter CSS iwwer dës Loop reflektéiert.

@each $state, $data in $form-validation-states {
  @include form-validation-state($state, $data...);
}

Personnalisatioun

Validatiounsstaaten kënnen iwwer Sass mat der $form-validation-statesKaart personaliséiert ginn. An eiser _variables.scssDatei läit dës Sass Kaart wéi mir d'Standard valid/ invalidValidatiounszoustand generéieren. Abegraff ass eng nestéiert Kaart fir d'Faarf, d'Ikon, d'Tooltip Faarf an d'Fokusschatt vun all Staat ze personaliséieren. Wärend keng aner Staate vu Browser ënnerstëtzt ginn, kënnen déi, déi personaliséiert Stiler benotzen, einfach méi komplex Form Feedback addéieren.