Iwwersiicht

Komponenten an Optiounen fir Äre Bootstrap-Projet auszeleeën, inklusiv Wrapbehälter, e mächtege Gittersystem, e flexibelen Medienobjekt a reaktiounsfäeger Utilityklassen.

Container

Container sinn dat meescht Basis Layout Element am Bootstrap a si erfuerderlech wann Dir eise Standard Gitter System benotzt . Container gi benotzt fir den Inhalt an hinnen ze enthalen, ze paddelen an (heiansdo) ze zentréieren. Wärend Container nestéiert kënne ginn, erfuerderen déi meescht Layouten keen nestéierte Container.

Bootstrap kënnt mat dräi verschiddene Container:

• .container, déi e max-widthbei all reaktiounsfäeger Breakpoint setzt
• .container-fluid, déi width: 100%op all breakpoints ass
• .container-{breakpoint}, wat width: 100%bis zum spezifizéierte Breakpunkt ass

D'Tabell hei ënnen illustréiert wéi all Container max-widthmat dem Original .containeran .container-fluidiwwer all Breakpunkt vergläicht.

Kuckt se an Aktioun a vergläicht se an eisem Grid Beispill .

Alles an engem

Eis Standardklass .containerass e reaktiounsfäeger, fixer Breet Container, dat heescht seng max-widthÄnnerungen op all Breakpoint.

<div class="container">
  <!-- Content here -->
</div>

Flëssegkeet

Benotzt .container-fluidfir eng voll Breet Container, Spannung der ganzer Breet vun der viewport.

<div class="container-fluid">
  ...
</div>

Reaktiounsfäeger

Responsive Container sinn nei am Bootstrap v4.4. Si erlaben Iech eng Klass ze spezifizéieren déi 100% breet ass bis de spezifizéierte Breakpunkt erreecht ass, duerno gëlle mir max-widths fir jiddereng vun den héije Breakpunkter. Zum Beispill .container-smass 100% breet fir unzefänken bis de smBreakpunkt erreecht gëtt, wou et mat md, lg, an xl.

<div class="container-sm">100% wide until small breakpoint</div>
<div class="container-md">100% wide until medium breakpoint</div>
<div class="container-lg">100% wide until large breakpoint</div>
<div class="container-xl">100% wide until extra large breakpoint</div>

Reaktiounsfäeger Breakpoints

Zënter Bootstrap ass entwéckelt fir als éischt mobil ze sinn, benotze mir eng Handvoll Medienufroen fir sënnvoll Breakpunkte fir eis Layouten an Interfaces ze kreéieren. Dës Breakpunkte baséieren meeschtens op Minimum Viewport Breeten an erlaben eis Elementer opzebauen wéi de Viewport ännert.

Bootstrap benotzt haaptsächlech déi folgend Medien Query Rangen - oder Breakpoints - an eise Quell Sass Dateien fir eise Layout, Gittersystem a Komponenten.

// Extra small devices (portrait phones, less than 576px)
// No media query for `xs` since this is the default in Bootstrap

// Small devices (landscape phones, 576px and up)
@media (min-width: 576px) { ... }

// Medium devices (tablets, 768px and up)
@media (min-width: 768px) { ... }

// Large devices (desktops, 992px and up)
@media (min-width: 992px) { ... }

// Extra large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up)
@media (min-width: 1200px) { ... }

Well mir eis Quell-CSS zu Sass schreiwen, sinn all eis Medienufroen iwwer Sass Mixins verfügbar:

// No media query necessary for xs breakpoint as it's effectively `@media (min-width: 0) { ... }`
@include media-breakpoint-up(sm) { ... }
@include media-breakpoint-up(md) { ... }
@include media-breakpoint-up(lg) { ... }
@include media-breakpoint-up(xl) { ... }

// Example: Hide starting at `min-width: 0`, and then show at the `sm` breakpoint
.custom-class {
  display: none;
}
@include media-breakpoint-up(sm) {
  .custom-class {
    display: block;
  }
}

Mir benotzen heiansdo Medienufroen déi an déi aner Richtung goen (déi gegebene Bildschirmgréisst oder méi kleng ):

// Extra small devices (portrait phones, less than 576px)
@media (max-width: 575.98px) { ... }

// Small devices (landscape phones, less than 768px)
@media (max-width: 767.98px) { ... }

// Medium devices (tablets, less than 992px)
@media (max-width: 991.98px) { ... }

// Large devices (desktops, less than 1200px)
@media (max-width: 1199.98px) { ... }

// Extra large devices (large desktops)
// No media query since the extra-large breakpoint has no upper bound on its width

Nach eng Kéier sinn dës Medienufroen och iwwer Sass Mixins verfügbar:

@include media-breakpoint-down(xs) { ... }
@include media-breakpoint-down(sm) { ... }
@include media-breakpoint-down(md) { ... }
@include media-breakpoint-down(lg) { ... }
// No media query necessary for xl breakpoint as it has no upper bound on its width

// Example: Style from medium breakpoint and down
@include media-breakpoint-down(md) {
  .custom-class {
    display: block;
  }
}

There are also media queries and mixins for targeting a single segment of screen sizes using the minimum and maximum breakpoint widths.

// Extra small devices (portrait phones, less than 576px)
@media (max-width: 575.98px) { ... }

// Small devices (landscape phones, 576px and up)
@media (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 767.98px) { ... }

// Medium devices (tablets, 768px and up)
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991.98px) { ... }

// Large devices (desktops, 992px and up)
@media (min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1199.98px) { ... }

// Extra large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up)
@media (min-width: 1200px) { ... }

These media queries are also available via Sass mixins:

@include media-breakpoint-only(xs) { ... }
@include media-breakpoint-only(sm) { ... }
@include media-breakpoint-only(md) { ... }
@include media-breakpoint-only(lg) { ... }
@include media-breakpoint-only(xl) { ... }

Similarly, media queries may span multiple breakpoint widths:

// Example
// Apply styles starting from medium devices and up to extra large devices
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1199.98px) { ... }

The Sass mixin for targeting the same screen size range would be:

@include media-breakpoint-between(md, xl) { ... }

Z-index

Several Bootstrap components utilize z-index, the CSS property that helps control layout by providing a third axis to arrange content. We utilize a default z-index scale in Bootstrap that’s been designed to properly layer navigation, tooltips and popovers, modals, and more.

These higher values start at an arbitrary number, high and specific enough to ideally avoid conflicts. We need a standard set of these across our layered components—tooltips, popovers, navbars, dropdowns, modals—so we can be reasonably consistent in the behaviors. There’s no reason we couldn’t have used 100+ or 500+.

We don’t encourage customization of these individual values; should you change one, you likely need to change them all.

$zindex-dropdown:          1000 !default;
$zindex-sticky:            1020 !default;
$zindex-fixed:             1030 !default;
$zindex-modal-backdrop:    1040 !default;
$zindex-modal:             1050 !default;
$zindex-popover:           1060 !default;
$zindex-tooltip:           1070 !default;

To handle overlapping borders within components (e.g., buttons and inputs in input groups), we use low single digit z-index values of 1, 2, and 3 for default, hover, and active states. On hover/focus/active, we bring a particular element to the forefront with a higher z-index value to show their border over the sibling elements.