Validasi
Nyedhiyakake umpan balik sing migunani lan bisa ditindakake kanggo pangguna kanthi validasi formulir HTML5, liwat prilaku standar browser utawa gaya khusus lan JavaScript.
Cara kerjane
Mangkene carane validasi formulir bisa digunakake karo Bootstrap:
- Validasi formulir HTML ditrapake liwat rong kelas pseudo CSS,
:invalid
lan:valid
. Iku ditrapake kanggo<input>
,<select>
, lan<textarea>
unsur. - Bootstrap nyakup gaya
:invalid
lan gaya menyang kelas:valid
induk , biasane ditrapake ing . Yen ora, kolom sing dibutuhake tanpa nilai bakal katon ora sah nalika mbukak kaca. Kanthi cara iki, sampeyan bisa milih kapan arep ngaktifake (biasane sawise pengajuan formulir dicoba)..was-validated
<form>
- Kanggo ngreset tampilan formulir (contone, ing kasus kiriman formulir dinamis nggunakake AJAX), mbusak
.was-validated
kelas saka<form>
maneh sawise pengajuan. - Minangka fallback,
.is-invalid
lan.is-valid
kelas bisa digunakake tinimbang pseudo-kelas kanggo validasi sisih server . Dheweke ora mbutuhake.was-validated
kelas wong tuwa. - Amarga alangan babagan cara CSS bisa digunakake, kita ora bisa (saiki) ngetrapake gaya menyang a
<label>
sing sadurunge kontrol formulir ing DOM tanpa bantuan JavaScript khusus. - Kabeh browser modern ndhukung API validasi kendala , seri metode JavaScript kanggo validasi kontrol formulir.
- Pesen umpan balik bisa uga nggunakake standar browser (beda kanggo saben browser, lan ora bisa diatur liwat CSS) utawa gaya umpan balik khusus kita kanthi HTML lan CSS tambahan.
- Sampeyan bisa menehi pesen validitas khusus
setCustomValidity
ing JavaScript.
Kanthi atine, nimbang demo ing ngisor iki kanggo gaya validasi formulir khusus, kelas sisih server opsional, lan standar browser.
Gaya khusus
Kanggo pesen validasi formulir Bootstrap khusus, sampeyan kudu nambah novalidate
atribut boolean menyang <form>
. Iki mateni tooltip umpan balik standar browser, nanging isih menehi akses menyang API validasi formulir ing JavaScript. Coba kirim formulir ing ngisor iki; JavaScript kita bakal nyegat tombol kirim lan ngirim umpan balik kanggo sampeyan. Nalika nyoba ngirim, sampeyan bakal weruh :invalid
lan :valid
gaya sing ditrapake kanggo kontrol formulir.
Gaya umpan balik khusus ngetrapake warna, wates, gaya fokus, lan lambang latar mburi khusus kanggo menehi umpan balik sing luwih apik. Lambang latar mburi kanggo <select>
s mung kasedhiya karo .form-select
, lan ora .form-control
.
<form class="row g-3 needs-validation" novalidate>
<div class="col-md-4">
<label for="validationCustom01" class="form-label">First name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom01" value="Mark" required>
<div class="valid-feedback">
Looks good!
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<label for="validationCustom02" class="form-label">Last name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom02" value="Otto" required>
<div class="valid-feedback">
Looks good!
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<label for="validationCustomUsername" class="form-label">Username</label>
<div class="input-group has-validation">
<span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend">@</span>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustomUsername" aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend" required>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
Please choose a username.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<label for="validationCustom03" class="form-label">City</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom03" required>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
Please provide a valid city.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<label for="validationCustom04" class="form-label">State</label>
<select class="form-select" id="validationCustom04" required>
<option selected disabled value="">Choose...</option>
<option>...</option>
</select>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
Please select a valid state.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<label for="validationCustom05" class="form-label">Zip</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom05" required>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
Please provide a valid zip.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-12">
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck" required>
<label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck">
Agree to terms and conditions
</label>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
You must agree before submitting.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-12">
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
</div>
</form>
// Example starter JavaScript for disabling form submissions if there are invalid fields
(function () {
'use strict'
// Fetch all the forms we want to apply custom Bootstrap validation styles to
var forms = document.querySelectorAll('.needs-validation')
// Loop over them and prevent submission
Array.prototype.slice.call(forms)
.forEach(function (form) {
form.addEventListener('submit', function (event) {
if (!form.checkValidity()) {
event.preventDefault()
event.stopPropagation()
}
form.classList.add('was-validated')
}, false)
})
})()
Default browser
Ora kasengsem ing pesen umpan balik validasi khusus utawa nulis JavaScript kanggo ngganti prilaku formulir? Kabeh apik, sampeyan bisa nggunakake standar browser. Coba kirim formulir ing ngisor iki. Gumantung ing browser lan OS sampeyan, sampeyan bakal weruh gaya umpan balik sing rada beda.
Nalika gaya umpan balik iki ora bisa ditata nganggo CSS, sampeyan isih bisa ngatur teks umpan balik liwat JavaScript.
<form class="row g-3">
<div class="col-md-4">
<label for="validationDefault01" class="form-label">First name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault01" value="Mark" required>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<label for="validationDefault02" class="form-label">Last name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault02" value="Otto" required>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<label for="validationDefaultUsername" class="form-label">Username</label>
<div class="input-group">
<span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend2">@</span>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefaultUsername" aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend2" required>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<label for="validationDefault03" class="form-label">City</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault03" required>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<label for="validationDefault04" class="form-label">State</label>
<select class="form-select" id="validationDefault04" required>
<option selected disabled value="">Choose...</option>
<option>...</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<label for="validationDefault05" class="form-label">Zip</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault05" required>
</div>
<div class="col-12">
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck2" required>
<label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck2">
Agree to terms and conditions
</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-12">
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
</div>
</form>
Sisih server
Disaranake nggunakake validasi sisih klien, nanging yen sampeyan mbutuhake validasi sisih server, sampeyan bisa nunjukake kolom formulir sing ora bener lan bener karo .is-invalid
lan .is-valid
. Elinga yen .invalid-feedback
uga didhukung karo kelas kasebut.
Kanggo kolom sing ora sah, priksa manawa pesen umpan balik/kesalahan sing ora sah digandhengake karo kolom formulir sing cocog nggunakake aria-describedby
(nyathet yen atribut iki ngidini luwih saka siji id
bisa dirujuk, yen kolom kasebut wis nuduhake teks formulir tambahan).
Kanggo ndandani masalah karo radii wewatesan.has-validation
, kelompok input mbutuhake kelas tambahan .
<form class="row g-3">
<div class="col-md-4">
<label for="validationServer01" class="form-label">First name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control is-valid" id="validationServer01" value="Mark" required>
<div class="valid-feedback">
Looks good!
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<label for="validationServer02" class="form-label">Last name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control is-valid" id="validationServer02" value="Otto" required>
<div class="valid-feedback">
Looks good!
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<label for="validationServerUsername" class="form-label">Username</label>
<div class="input-group has-validation">
<span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend3">@</span>
<input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServerUsername" aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend3 validationServerUsernameFeedback" required>
<div id="validationServerUsernameFeedback" class="invalid-feedback">
Please choose a username.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<label for="validationServer03" class="form-label">City</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServer03" aria-describedby="validationServer03Feedback" required>
<div id="validationServer03Feedback" class="invalid-feedback">
Please provide a valid city.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<label for="validationServer04" class="form-label">State</label>
<select class="form-select is-invalid" id="validationServer04" aria-describedby="validationServer04Feedback" required>
<option selected disabled value="">Choose...</option>
<option>...</option>
</select>
<div id="validationServer04Feedback" class="invalid-feedback">
Please select a valid state.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<label for="validationServer05" class="form-label">Zip</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServer05" aria-describedby="validationServer05Feedback" required>
<div id="validationServer05Feedback" class="invalid-feedback">
Please provide a valid zip.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-12">
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input is-invalid" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck3" aria-describedby="invalidCheck3Feedback" required>
<label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck3">
Agree to terms and conditions
</label>
<div id="invalidCheck3Feedback" class="invalid-feedback">
You must agree before submitting.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-12">
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
</div>
</form>
Unsur sing didhukung
Gaya validasi kasedhiya kanggo kontrol lan komponen formulir ing ngisor iki:
<input>
s lan<textarea>
s karo.form-control
(kalebu nganti siji.form-control
ing grup input)<select>
s karo.form-select
.form-check
s
<form class="was-validated">
<div class="mb-3">
<label for="validationTextarea" class="form-label">Textarea</label>
<textarea class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationTextarea" placeholder="Required example textarea" required></textarea>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
Please enter a message in the textarea.
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-check mb-3">
<input type="checkbox" class="form-check-input" id="validationFormCheck1" required>
<label class="form-check-label" for="validationFormCheck1">Check this checkbox</label>
<div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid feedback text</div>
</div>
<div class="form-check">
<input type="radio" class="form-check-input" id="validationFormCheck2" name="radio-stacked" required>
<label class="form-check-label" for="validationFormCheck2">Toggle this radio</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check mb-3">
<input type="radio" class="form-check-input" id="validationFormCheck3" name="radio-stacked" required>
<label class="form-check-label" for="validationFormCheck3">Or toggle this other radio</label>
<div class="invalid-feedback">More example invalid feedback text</div>
</div>
<div class="mb-3">
<select class="form-select" required aria-label="select example">
<option value="">Open this select menu</option>
<option value="1">One</option>
<option value="2">Two</option>
<option value="3">Three</option>
</select>
<div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid select feedback</div>
</div>
<div class="mb-3">
<input type="file" class="form-control" aria-label="file example" required>
<div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid form file feedback</div>
</div>
<div class="mb-3">
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit" disabled>Submit form</button>
</div>
</form>
Tooltips
Yen tata letak formulir sampeyan ngidini, sampeyan bisa ngganti .{valid|invalid}-feedback
kelas kanggo .{valid|invalid}-tooltip
kelas kanggo nampilake umpan balik validasi ing tooltip gaya. Priksa manawa sampeyan duwe wong tuwa position: relative
sing ana kanggo posisi tooltip. Ing conto ing ngisor iki, kelas kolom kita wis duwe, nanging proyek sampeyan mbutuhake persiyapan alternatif.
<form class="row g-3 needs-validation" novalidate>
<div class="col-md-4 position-relative">
<label for="validationTooltip01" class="form-label">First name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip01" value="Mark" required>
<div class="valid-tooltip">
Looks good!
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4 position-relative">
<label for="validationTooltip02" class="form-label">Last name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip02" value="Otto" required>
<div class="valid-tooltip">
Looks good!
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4 position-relative">
<label for="validationTooltipUsername" class="form-label">Username</label>
<div class="input-group has-validation">
<span class="input-group-text" id="validationTooltipUsernamePrepend">@</span>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltipUsername" aria-describedby="validationTooltipUsernamePrepend" required>
<div class="invalid-tooltip">
Please choose a unique and valid username.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 position-relative">
<label for="validationTooltip03" class="form-label">City</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip03" required>
<div class="invalid-tooltip">
Please provide a valid city.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 position-relative">
<label for="validationTooltip04" class="form-label">State</label>
<select class="form-select" id="validationTooltip04" required>
<option selected disabled value="">Choose...</option>
<option>...</option>
</select>
<div class="invalid-tooltip">
Please select a valid state.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 position-relative">
<label for="validationTooltip05" class="form-label">Zip</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip05" required>
<div class="invalid-tooltip">
Please provide a valid zip.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-12">
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
</div>
</form>
Sass
Variabel
$form-feedback-margin-top: $form-text-margin-top;
$form-feedback-font-size: $form-text-font-size;
$form-feedback-font-style: $form-text-font-style;
$form-feedback-valid-color: $success;
$form-feedback-invalid-color: $danger;
$form-feedback-icon-valid-color: $form-feedback-valid-color;
$form-feedback-icon-valid: url("data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 8 8'><path fill='#{$form-feedback-icon-valid-color}' d='M2.3 6.73L.6 4.53c-.4-1.04.46-1.4 1.1-.8l1.1 1.4 3.4-3.8c.6-.63 1.6-.27 1.2.7l-4 4.6c-.43.5-.8.4-1.1.1z'/></svg>");
$form-feedback-icon-invalid-color: $form-feedback-invalid-color;
$form-feedback-icon-invalid: url("data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 12 12' width='12' height='12' fill='none' stroke='#{$form-feedback-icon-invalid-color}'><circle cx='6' cy='6' r='4.5'/><path stroke-linejoin='round' d='M5.8 3.6h.4L6 6.5z'/><circle cx='6' cy='8.2' r='.6' fill='#{$form-feedback-icon-invalid-color}' stroke='none'/></svg>");
Campuran
Rong campuran digabungake, liwat loop kita , kanggo ngasilake gaya umpan balik validasi formulir.
@mixin form-validation-state-selector($state) {
@if ($state == "valid" or $state == "invalid") {
.was-validated #{if(&, "&", "")}:#{$state},
#{if(&, "&", "")}.is-#{$state} {
@content;
}
} @else {
#{if(&, "&", "")}.is-#{$state} {
@content;
}
}
}
@mixin form-validation-state(
$state,
$color,
$icon,
$tooltip-color: color-contrast($color),
$tooltip-bg-color: rgba($color, $form-feedback-tooltip-opacity),
$focus-box-shadow: 0 0 $input-btn-focus-blur $input-focus-width rgba($color, $input-btn-focus-color-opacity)
) {
.#{$state}-feedback {
display: none;
width: 100%;
margin-top: $form-feedback-margin-top;
@include font-size($form-feedback-font-size);
font-style: $form-feedback-font-style;
color: $color;
}
.#{$state}-tooltip {
position: absolute;
top: 100%;
z-index: 5;
display: none;
max-width: 100%; // Contain to parent when possible
padding: $form-feedback-tooltip-padding-y $form-feedback-tooltip-padding-x;
margin-top: .1rem;
@include font-size($form-feedback-tooltip-font-size);
line-height: $form-feedback-tooltip-line-height;
color: $tooltip-color;
background-color: $tooltip-bg-color;
@include border-radius($form-feedback-tooltip-border-radius);
}
@include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
~ .#{$state}-feedback,
~ .#{$state}-tooltip {
display: block;
}
}
.form-control {
@include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
border-color: $color;
@if $enable-validation-icons {
padding-right: $input-height-inner;
background-image: escape-svg($icon);
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: right $input-height-inner-quarter center;
background-size: $input-height-inner-half $input-height-inner-half;
}
&:focus {
border-color: $color;
box-shadow: $focus-box-shadow;
}
}
}
// stylelint-disable-next-line selector-no-qualifying-type
textarea.form-control {
@include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
@if $enable-validation-icons {
padding-right: $input-height-inner;
background-position: top $input-height-inner-quarter right $input-height-inner-quarter;
}
}
}
.form-select {
@include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
border-color: $color;
@if $enable-validation-icons {
&:not([multiple]):not([size]),
&:not([multiple])[size="1"] {
padding-right: $form-select-feedback-icon-padding-end;
background-image: escape-svg($form-select-indicator), escape-svg($icon);
background-position: $form-select-bg-position, $form-select-feedback-icon-position;
background-size: $form-select-bg-size, $form-select-feedback-icon-size;
}
}
&:focus {
border-color: $color;
box-shadow: $focus-box-shadow;
}
}
}
.form-check-input {
@include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
border-color: $color;
&:checked {
background-color: $color;
}
&:focus {
box-shadow: $focus-box-shadow;
}
~ .form-check-label {
color: $color;
}
}
}
.form-check-inline .form-check-input {
~ .#{$state}-feedback {
margin-left: .5em;
}
}
.input-group .form-control,
.input-group .form-select {
@include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
@if $state == "valid" {
z-index: 1;
} @else if $state == "invalid" {
z-index: 2;
}
&:focus {
z-index: 3;
}
}
}
}
peta
Iki peta Sass validasi saka _variables.scss
. Override utawa ngluwihi iki kanggo generate negara beda utawa tambahan.
$form-validation-states: (
"valid": (
"color": $form-feedback-valid-color,
"icon": $form-feedback-icon-valid
),
"invalid": (
"color": $form-feedback-invalid-color,
"icon": $form-feedback-icon-invalid
)
);
Peta saka $form-validation-states
bisa ngemot telung parameter opsional kanggo ngganti tooltips lan gaya fokus.
Loop
Digunakake kanggo ngulang $form-validation-states
nilai peta kanggo ngasilake gaya validasi. Sembarang modifikasi ing peta Sass ing ndhuwur bakal dibayangke ing CSS kompilasi liwat loop iki.
@each $state, $data in $form-validation-states {
@include form-validation-state($state, $data...);
}
Ngatur
Negara validasi bisa disesuaikan liwat Sass nganggo $form-validation-states
peta. Dumunung ing _variables.scss
file kita, peta Sass iki minangka cara ngasilake negara standar valid
/ invalid
validasi. Kalebu peta nested kanggo ngatur warna, lambang, warna tooltip, lan bayangan fokus saben negara. Nalika ora ana negara liya sing didhukung dening browser, sing nggunakake gaya khusus bisa kanthi gampang nambah umpan balik formulir sing luwih rumit.
Wigati dimangerteni manawa kita ora nyaranake nyetel $form-validation-states
nilai tanpa uga ngowahi form-validation-state
mixin .