CSS
Setelan CSS global, unsur HTML dhasar sing ditata lan ditingkatake kanthi kelas sing bisa diperluas, lan sistem kothak canggih.
Setelan CSS global, unsur HTML dhasar sing ditata lan ditingkatake kanthi kelas sing bisa diperluas, lan sistem kothak canggih.
Entuk lowdown babagan prasarana utama Bootstrap, kalebu pendekatan kanggo pangembangan web sing luwih apik, luwih cepet, lan kuwat.
Bootstrap nggunakake unsur HTML lan properti CSS tartamtu sing mbutuhake doctype HTML5. Kalebu ing wiwitan kabeh proyek sampeyan.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
...
</html>
Kanthi Bootstrap 2, kita nambahake gaya loropaken seluler opsional kanggo aspek kunci kerangka. Kanthi Bootstrap 3, kita wis nulis maneh proyek kasebut dadi seluler loropaken wiwit wiwitan. Tinimbang nambahake gaya seluler opsional, padha dipanggang langsung menyang inti. Nyatane, Bootstrap iku seluler pisanan . Gaya pisanan seluler bisa ditemokake ing kabeh perpustakaan tinimbang ing file sing kapisah.
Kanggo mesthekake rendering sing tepat lan zooming tutul, tambahake tag meta viewport menyang <head>
.
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
Sampeyan bisa mateni kemampuan zoom ing piranti seluler kanthi nambahake user-scalable=no
tag meta viewport. Iki mateni zoom, tegese pangguna mung bisa nggulung, lan nyebabake situs sampeyan rumangsa kaya aplikasi asli. Sakabèhé, kita ora nyaranake iki ing saben situs, supaya ati-ati!
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no">
Bootstrap nyetel tampilan global dhasar, tipografi, lan gaya link. Khusus, kita:
background-color: #fff;
ingbody
@font-family-base
, @font-size-base
, lan @line-height-base
atribut minangka basis tipografi kita@link-color
lan aplikasi link underlines mung ing:hover
Gaya iki bisa ditemokake ing scaffolding.less
.
Kanggo rendering lintas-browser sing luwih apik, kita nggunakake Normalize.css , proyek dening Nicolas Gallagher lan Jonathan Neal .
Bootstrap mbutuhake unsur sing ngemot kanggo mbungkus isi situs lan ngemot sistem kothak kita. Sampeyan bisa milih salah siji saka rong wadhah kanggo digunakake ing proyek sampeyan. Elinga, amarga padding
lan liya-liyane, ora ana wadah sing bisa dipasang.
Gunakake .container
kanggo wadhah jembar tetep responsif.
<div class="container">
...
</div>
Gunakake .container-fluid
kanggo wadhah sing ambane lengkap, kanthi jembar kabeh area tampilan sampeyan.
<div class="container-fluid">
...
</div>
Bootstrap kalebu responsif, mobile pisanan sistem kothak cairan sing jumbuh skala nganti 12 kolom nalika piranti utawa viewport ukuran mundhak. Iki kalebu kelas sing wis ditemtokake kanggo pilihan tata letak sing gampang, uga campuran sing kuat kanggo nggawe tata letak semantik sing luwih akeh .
Sistem kothak digunakake kanggo nggawe tata letak kaca liwat seri baris lan kolom sing ngemot isi sampeyan. Mangkene cara kerja sistem kothak Bootstrap:
.container
(tetep-jembaré) utawa .container-fluid
(full-jembaré) kanggo alignment lan padding sing tepat..row
lan .col-xs-4
kasedhiya kanggo nggawe tata letak kothak kanthi cepet. Campuran sing kurang uga bisa digunakake kanggo tata letak semantik.padding
. Padding kasebut diimbangi ing baris kanggo kolom pisanan lan pungkasan liwat wates negatif ing .row
s..col-xs-4
..col-md-*
kelas apa wae menyang unsur ora mung bakal mengaruhi gaya ing piranti medium nanging uga ing piranti gedhe yen .col-lg-*
kelas ora ana.Deleng conto kanggo ngetrapake prinsip kasebut ing kode sampeyan.
Kita nggunakake pitakon media ing ngisor iki ing file Kurang kanggo nggawe breakpoints tombol ing sistem kothak kita.
/* Extra small devices (phones, less than 768px) */
/* No media query since this is the default in Bootstrap */
/* Small devices (tablets, 768px and up) */
@media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) { ... }
/* Medium devices (desktops, 992px and up) */
@media (min-width: @screen-md-min) { ... }
/* Large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up) */
@media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) { ... }
Kita sok-sok nggedhekake pitakon media kasebut kanggo nyakup max-width
watesan CSS menyang piranti sing luwih sempit.
@media (max-width: @screen-xs-max) { ... }
@media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) and (max-width: @screen-sm-max) { ... }
@media (min-width: @screen-md-min) and (max-width: @screen-md-max) { ... }
@media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) { ... }
Delengen carane aspèk sistem kothak Bootstrap bisa digunakake ing pirang-pirang piranti kanthi meja sing praktis.
Piranti ekstra cilik Telpon (<768px) | Piranti cilik Tablet (≥768px) | Desktop piranti medium (≥992px) | Piranti gedhe Desktop (≥1200px) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Prilaku grid | Horisontal ing kabeh wektu | Ambruk kanggo miwiti, horisontal ndhuwur breakpoints | ||
Jembaré wadhah | Ora ana (otomatis) | 750px | 970px | 1170px |
Ater-ater kelas | .col-xs- |
.col-sm- |
.col-md- |
.col-lg- |
# kolom | 12 | |||
Jembaré kolom | Auto | ~62px | ~81px | ~97px |
Jembaré talang | 30px (15px ing saben sisih kolom) | |||
Nestable | ya wis | |||
Offsets | ya wis | |||
Urutan kolom | ya wis |
Nggunakake sakumpulan .col-md-*
kelas kothak siji, sampeyan bisa nggawe sistem kothak dhasar sing diwiwiti ditumpuk ing piranti seluler lan piranti tablet (sawetara cilik nganti cilik) sadurunge dadi horisontal ing piranti desktop (sedheng). Selehake kolom kothak ing sembarang .row
.
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-8">.col-md-8</div>
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">.col-md-6</div>
<div class="col-md-6">.col-md-6</div>
</div>
Ganti tata letak kothak kanthi jembar tetep dadi tata letak jembar kanthi ngganti paling njaba .container
menyang .container-fluid
.
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
...
</div>
</div>
Ora pengin kolom sampeyan mung tumpukan ing piranti sing luwih cilik? Gunakake kelas kothak piranti cilik lan medium ekstra kanthi nambahake .col-xs-*
.col-md-*
kolom sampeyan. Deleng conto ing ngisor iki kanggo ide sing luwih apik babagan cara kerjane.
<!-- Stack the columns on mobile by making one full-width and the other half-width -->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-12 col-md-8">.col-xs-12 .col-md-8</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
</div>
<!-- Columns start at 50% wide on mobile and bump up to 33.3% wide on desktop -->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
</div>
<!-- Columns are always 50% wide, on mobile and desktop -->
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-6">.col-xs-6</div>
<div class="col-xs-6">.col-xs-6</div>
</div>
Gawe conto sadurunge kanthi nggawe tata letak sing luwih dinamis lan kuat karo .col-sm-*
kelas tablet.
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-8">.col-xs-12 .col-sm-6 .col-md-8</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4</div>
<!-- Optional: clear the XS cols if their content doesn't match in height -->
<div class="clearfix visible-xs-block"></div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4</div>
</div>
Yen luwih saka 12 kolom diselehake ing baris siji, saben klompok kolom ekstra bakal, minangka siji unit, mbungkus menyang baris anyar.
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-9">.col-xs-9</div>
<div class="col-xs-4">.col-xs-4<br>Since 9 + 4 = 13 > 12, this 4-column-wide div gets wrapped onto a new line as one contiguous unit.</div>
<div class="col-xs-6">.col-xs-6<br>Subsequent columns continue along the new line.</div>
</div>
Kanthi papat undakan kothak kasedhiya, sampeyan bakal nemoni masalah ing ngendi, ing breakpoints tartamtu, kolom sampeyan ora jelas amarga siji luwih dhuwur tinimbang liyane. Kanggo ndandani iku, gunakake kombinasi a .clearfix
lan kelas sarana responsif .
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3</div>
<!-- Add the extra clearfix for only the required viewport -->
<div class="clearfix visible-xs-block"></div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3</div>
</div>
Saliyane ngresiki kolom ing breakpoints responsif, sampeyan bisa uga kudu ngreset offset, push, utawa narik . Deleng tumindak iki ing conto kothak .
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-5 col-md-6">.col-sm-5 .col-md-6</div>
<div class="col-sm-5 col-sm-offset-2 col-md-6 col-md-offset-0">.col-sm-5 .col-sm-offset-2 .col-md-6 .col-md-offset-0</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-5 col-lg-6">.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .col-lg-6</div>
<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-5 col-md-offset-2 col-lg-6 col-lg-offset-0">.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .col-md-offset-2 .col-lg-6 .col-lg-offset-0</div>
</div>
Pindhah kolom menyang tengen nggunakake .col-md-offset-*
kelas. Kelas iki nambah wates kiwa kolom kanthi *
kolom. Contone, .col-md-offset-4
gerakane .col-md-4
liwat papat kolom.
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
<div class="col-md-4 col-md-offset-4">.col-md-4 .col-md-offset-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-3 col-md-offset-3">.col-md-3 .col-md-offset-3</div>
<div class="col-md-3 col-md-offset-3">.col-md-3 .col-md-offset-3</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">.col-md-6 .col-md-offset-3</div>
</div>
Sampeyan uga bisa ngganti offset saka undakan kothak ngisor karo .col-*-offset-0
kelas.
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">
</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">
</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-xs-offset-3 col-sm-4 col-sm-offset-0">
</div>
</div>
Kanggo nempatake konten sampeyan nganggo kothak gawan, tambahake kolom anyar .row
lan set .col-sm-*
ing .col-sm-*
kolom sing wis ana. Baris sing disusun kudu kalebu sakumpulan kolom sing nambah nganti 12 utawa kurang (ora perlu nggunakake kabeh 12 kolom sing kasedhiya).
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-9">
Level 1: .col-sm-9
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-8 col-sm-6">
Level 2: .col-xs-8 .col-sm-6
</div>
<div class="col-xs-4 col-sm-6">
Level 2: .col-xs-4 .col-sm-6
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Ganti urutan kolom kothak sing dibangun kanthi gampang .col-md-push-*
lan .col-md-pull-*
kelas modifier.
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-9 col-md-push-3">.col-md-9 .col-md-push-3</div>
<div class="col-md-3 col-md-pull-9">.col-md-3 .col-md-pull-9</div>
</div>
Saliyane kelas kothak prebuilt kanggo tata letak cepet, Bootstrap kalebu Kurang variabel lan mixins kanggo cepet ngasilaken prasaja, tata letak semantik dhewe.
Variabel nemtokake jumlah kolom, ambane talang, lan titik pitakon media kanggo miwiti kolom ngambang. Iki digunakake kanggo ngasilake kelas kothak sing wis ditemtokake sing didokumentasikake ing ndhuwur, uga kanggo campuran khusus sing kapacak ing ngisor iki.
@grid-columns: 12;
@grid-gutter-width: 30px;
@grid-float-breakpoint: 768px;
Mixin digunakake bebarengan karo variabel kothak kanggo ngasilake CSS semantik kanggo kolom kothak individu.
// Creates a wrapper for a series of columns
.make-row(@gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
// Then clear the floated columns
.clearfix();
@media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) {
margin-left: (@gutter / -2);
margin-right: (@gutter / -2);
}
// Negative margin nested rows out to align the content of columns
.row {
margin-left: (@gutter / -2);
margin-right: (@gutter / -2);
}
}
// Generate the extra small columns
.make-xs-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
position: relative;
// Prevent columns from collapsing when empty
min-height: 1px;
// Inner gutter via padding
padding-left: (@gutter / 2);
padding-right: (@gutter / 2);
// Calculate width based on number of columns available
@media (min-width: @grid-float-breakpoint) {
float: left;
width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
// Generate the small columns
.make-sm-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
position: relative;
// Prevent columns from collapsing when empty
min-height: 1px;
// Inner gutter via padding
padding-left: (@gutter / 2);
padding-right: (@gutter / 2);
// Calculate width based on number of columns available
@media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) {
float: left;
width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
// Generate the small column offsets
.make-sm-column-offset(@columns) {
@media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) {
margin-left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
.make-sm-column-push(@columns) {
@media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) {
left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
.make-sm-column-pull(@columns) {
@media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) {
right: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
// Generate the medium columns
.make-md-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
position: relative;
// Prevent columns from collapsing when empty
min-height: 1px;
// Inner gutter via padding
padding-left: (@gutter / 2);
padding-right: (@gutter / 2);
// Calculate width based on number of columns available
@media (min-width: @screen-md-min) {
float: left;
width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
// Generate the medium column offsets
.make-md-column-offset(@columns) {
@media (min-width: @screen-md-min) {
margin-left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
.make-md-column-push(@columns) {
@media (min-width: @screen-md-min) {
left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
.make-md-column-pull(@columns) {
@media (min-width: @screen-md-min) {
right: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
// Generate the large columns
.make-lg-column(@columns; @gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
position: relative;
// Prevent columns from collapsing when empty
min-height: 1px;
// Inner gutter via padding
padding-left: (@gutter / 2);
padding-right: (@gutter / 2);
// Calculate width based on number of columns available
@media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) {
float: left;
width: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
// Generate the large column offsets
.make-lg-column-offset(@columns) {
@media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) {
margin-left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
.make-lg-column-push(@columns) {
@media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) {
left: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
.make-lg-column-pull(@columns) {
@media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) {
right: percentage((@columns / @grid-columns));
}
}
Sampeyan bisa ngowahi variabel menyang nilai khusus, utawa mung nggunakake mixin kanthi nilai standar. Iki conto nggunakake setelan gawan kanggo nggawe tata letak loro-kolom karo longkangan antarane.
.wrapper {
.make-row();
}
.content-main {
.make-lg-column(8);
}
.content-secondary {
.make-lg-column(3);
.make-lg-column-offset(1);
}
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="content-main">...</div>
<div class="content-secondary">...</div>
</div>
Kabeh judhul HTML, <h1>
liwat <h6>
, kasedhiya. .h1
liwat .h6
kelas uga kasedhiya, kanggo nalika sampeyan pengin cocog gaya font saka judhul nanging isih pengin teks ditampilake inline.
h1. Judul Bootstrap |
Semibold 36px |
h2. Judul Bootstrap |
Semibold 30px |
h3. Judul Bootstrap |
Semibold 24px |
h4. Judul Bootstrap |
Semibold 18px |
h5. Judul Bootstrap |
Semibold 14px |
h6. Judul Bootstrap |
Semibold 12px |
<h1>h1. Bootstrap heading</h1>
<h2>h2. Bootstrap heading</h2>
<h3>h3. Bootstrap heading</h3>
<h4>h4. Bootstrap heading</h4>
<h5>h5. Bootstrap heading</h5>
<h6>h6. Bootstrap heading</h6>
Gawe teks sekunder sing luwih entheng ing judhul apa wae kanthi <small>
tag umum utawa .small
kelas.
h1. Judul Bootstrap Teks sekunder |
h2. Judul Bootstrap Teks sekunder |
h3. Judul Bootstrap Teks sekunder |
h4. Judul Bootstrap Teks sekunder |
h5. Judul Bootstrap Teks sekunder |
h6. Judul Bootstrap Teks sekunder |
<h1>h1. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h1>
<h2>h2. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h2>
<h3>h3. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h3>
<h4>h4. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h4>
<h5>h5. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h5>
<h6>h6. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h6>
Standar global Bootstrap font-size
yaiku 14px , kanthi line-height
ukuran 1.428 . Iki ditrapake kanggo <body>
lan kabeh paragraf. Kajaba iku, <p>
(paragraf) nampa wates ngisor setengah dhuwur garis sing diwilang (10px minangka standar).
Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus and magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula.
Cum sociis natoque penatibus and magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit. Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.
Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit lungguh amet non magna. Donec id elit non mi porta gravida lan eget metus. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.
<p>...</p>
Gawea paragraf kanthi nambahake .lead
.
Vivamus sagittis lacus vel augue laoreet rutrum faucibus dolor auctor. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus.
<p class="lead">...</p>
Skala tipografi adhedhasar rong variabel Kurang ing variabel.kurang : @font-size-base
lan @line-height-base
. Sing pisanan yaiku ukuran font dhasar sing digunakake ing saindenging lan sing nomer loro yaiku dhuwur garis dhasar. Kita nggunakake variabel kasebut lan sawetara matematika sing gampang kanggo nggawe wates, bantalan, lan dhuwur garis kabeh jinis kita lan liya-liyane. Kustomisasi lan adaptasi Bootstrap.
Kanggo nyorot teks amarga relevansi ing konteks liyane, gunakake <mark>
tag.
Sampeyan bisa nggunakake tandha tandha kanggosorotteks.
You can use the mark tag to <mark>highlight</mark> text.
Kanggo nuduhake blok teks sing wis dibusak, gunakake <del>
tag.
Baris teks iki kudu dianggep minangka teks sing wis dibusak.
<del>This line of text is meant to be treated as deleted text.</del>
Kanggo nuduhake pamblokiran teks sing ora ana gandhengane, gunakake <s>
tag.
Baris teks iki kudu dianggep ora akurat maneh.
<s>This line of text is meant to be treated as no longer accurate.</s>
Kanggo nuduhake tambahan ing dokumen nggunakake <ins>
tag.
Baris teks iki kudu dianggep minangka tambahan kanggo dokumen kasebut.
<ins>This line of text is meant to be treated as an addition to the document.</ins>
Kanggo nggaris teks nggunakake <u>
tag.
Baris teks iki bakal ditampilake minangka garis ngisor
<u>This line of text will render as underlined</u>
Gunakake tag emphasis standar HTML kanthi gaya entheng.
Kanggo de-emphasizing inline utawa pamblokiran teks, gunakake <small>
tag kanggo nyetel teks ing 85% ukuran induk. unsur judhul nampa dhewe font-size
kanggo unsur nested <small>
.
Sampeyan bisa uga nggunakake unsur inline kanthi ngganti .small
sembarang <small>
.
Baris teks iki kudu dianggep minangka cetakan sing apik.
<small>This line of text is meant to be treated as fine print.</small>
Kanggo nandheske potongan teks kanthi bobot font sing luwih abot.
Cuplikan teks ing ngisor iki diwenehi teks kandel .
<strong>rendered as bold text</strong>
Kanggo nandheske cuplikan teks kanthi miring.
Cuplikan teks ing ngisor iki diterjemahake minangka teks miring .
<em>rendered as italicized text</em>
Bebas bae kanggo nggunakake <b>
lan <i>
ing HTML5. <b>
tegese kanggo nyorot tembung utawa frase tanpa menehi wigati tambahan nalika <i>
biasane kanggo swara, istilah teknis, lsp.
Gampang nyelarasake teks menyang komponen kanthi kelas keselarasan teks.
Teks sejajar kiwa.
Teks selaras tengah.
Teks sejajar tengen.
Teks sing dibenerake.
Ora bungkus teks.
<p class="text-left">Left aligned text.</p>
<p class="text-center">Center aligned text.</p>
<p class="text-right">Right aligned text.</p>
<p class="text-justify">Justified text.</p>
<p class="text-nowrap">No wrap text.</p>
Ngowahi teks dadi komponen kanthi kelas kapitalisasi teks.
Aksara cilik.
Tulisan gedhe.
Kapitalisasi teks.
<p class="text-lowercase">Lowercased text.</p>
<p class="text-uppercase">Uppercased text.</p>
<p class="text-capitalize">Capitalized text.</p>
Implementasi gaya saka <abbr>
unsur HTML kanggo singkatan lan akronim kanggo nuduhake versi ditambahi ing hover. Singkatan karo title
atribut duwe wates ngisor titik cahya lan kursor bantuan nalika hover, nyedhiyakake konteks tambahan babagan hover lan kanggo pangguna teknologi asisten.
Singkatan saka tembung atribut yaiku attr .
<abbr title="attribute">attr</abbr>
Tambah .initialism
menyang singkatan kanggo ukuran font sing rada cilik.
HTML minangka sing paling apik wiwit roti irisan.
<abbr title="HyperText Markup Language" class="initialism">HTML</abbr>
Saiki informasi kontak kanggo leluhur paling cedhak utawa kabeh awak karya. Simpen format kanthi mungkasi kabeh baris nganggo <br>
.
<address>
<strong>Twitter, Inc.</strong><br>
1355 Market Street, Suite 900<br>
San Francisco, CA 94103<br>
<abbr title="Phone">P:</abbr> (123) 456-7890
</address>
<address>
<strong>Full Name</strong><br>
<a href="mailto:#">[email protected]</a>
</address>
Kanggo ngutip blok konten saka sumber liya ing dokumen sampeyan.
Bungkus HTML<blockquote>
apa wae minangka kutipan. Kanggo kuotasi terus, disaranake a .<p>
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat ante.
<blockquote>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.</p>
</blockquote>
Gaya lan isi owah-owahan kanggo variasi prasaja ing standar <blockquote>
.
Tambah a <footer>
kanggo ngenali sumber. Bungkus jeneng karya sumber ing <cite>
.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat ante.
<blockquote>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.</p>
<footer>Someone famous in <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite></footer>
</blockquote>
Tambah .blockquote-reverse
kanggo blockquote kanthi isi sing didadekake tengen.
<blockquote class="blockquote-reverse">
...
</blockquote>
Dhaptar item sing urutan ora penting banget.
<ul>
<li>...</li>
</ul>
Dhaptar item sing urutan kasebut pancen penting.
<ol>
<li>...</li>
</ol>
Mbusak wates gawan list-style
lan kiwa ing dhaptar item (mung anak langsung). Iki mung ditrapake kanggo item dhaptar anak langsung , tegese sampeyan uga kudu nambah kelas kanggo dhaptar sing disusun.
<ul class="list-unstyled">
<li>...</li>
</ul>
Selehake kabeh item dhaptar ing baris siji karo display: inline-block;
lan sawetara padding cahya.
<ul class="list-inline">
<li>...</li>
</ul>
Dhaptar istilah kanthi katrangan sing gegandhengan.
<dl>
<dt>...</dt>
<dd>...</dd>
</dl>
Nggawe istilah lan katrangan ing <dl>
baris sisih-by-side. Diwiwiti dibandhingke kaya standar <dl>
s, nanging nalika navbar ngembangaken, supaya iki.
<dl class="dl-horizontal">
<dt>...</dt>
<dd>...</dd>
</dl>
Dhaptar deskripsi horisontal bakal ngilangi istilah sing dawa banget kanggo pas ing kolom kiwa nganggo text-overflow
. Ing tampilan sing luwih sempit, dheweke bakal ganti menyang tata letak tumpukan standar.
Bungkus potongan kode inline nganggo <code>
.
<section>
kudu dibungkus minangka inline.
For example, <code><section></code> should be wrapped as inline.
Gunakake <kbd>
kanggo nuduhake input sing biasane dilebokake liwat keyboard.
To switch directories, type <kbd>cd</kbd> followed by the name of the directory.<br>
To edit settings, press <kbd><kbd>ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>,</kbd></kbd>
Gunakake <pre>
kanggo sawetara baris kode. Aja manawa kanggo uwal sembarang kurung amba ing kode kanggo Rendering tepat.
<p>Conto teks ing kene...</p>
<pre><p>Sample text here...</p></pre>
Sampeyan bisa nambah kelas kanthi opsional .pre-scrollable
, sing bakal nyetel dhuwur maksimal 350px lan menehi scrollbar sumbu-y.
Kanggo nuduhake variabel nggunakake <var>
tag.
y = m x + b
<var>y</var> = <var>m</var><var>x</var> + <var>b</var>
Kanggo nuduhake pamblokiran sampel output saka program nggunakake <samp>
tag.
Teks iki dimaksudaké kanggo dianggep minangka conto output saka program komputer.
<samp>This text is meant to be treated as sample output from a computer program.</samp>
Kanggo gaya dhasar - bantalan cahya lan mung pembagi horisontal - tambahake kelas dasar .table
menyang sembarang <table>
. Bisa uga katon super keluwih, nanging amarga nggunakake tabel sing nyebar kanggo plugin liyane kaya tanggalan lan pemilih tanggal, kita wis milih kanggo ngisolasi gaya meja khusus.
# | Jeneng pisanan | Jeneng mburi | Jeneng panganggo |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Tandhani | Otto | @mdo |
2 | Yakub | Thornton | @lemak |
3 | Larry | si Manuk |
<table class="table">
...
</table>
Gunakake .table-striped
kanggo nambah zebra-striping menyang sembarang baris tabel ing <tbody>
.
Tabel belang ditata liwat :nth-child
pamilih CSS, sing ora kasedhiya ing Internet Explorer 8.
# | Jeneng pisanan | Jeneng mburi | Jeneng panganggo |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Tandhani | Otto | @mdo |
2 | Yakub | Thornton | @lemak |
3 | Larry | si Manuk |
<table class="table table-striped">
...
</table>
Tambah .table-bordered
kanggo wates ing kabeh pinggir meja lan sel.
# | Jeneng pisanan | Jeneng mburi | Jeneng panganggo |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Tandhani | Otto | @mdo |
2 | Yakub | Thornton | @lemak |
3 | Larry | si Manuk |
<table class="table table-bordered">
...
</table>
Tambah .table-hover
kanggo ngaktifake status hover ing baris tabel ing a <tbody>
.
# | Jeneng pisanan | Jeneng mburi | Jeneng panganggo |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Tandhani | Otto | @mdo |
2 | Yakub | Thornton | @lemak |
3 | Larry | si Manuk |
<table class="table table-hover">
...
</table>
Tambah .table-condensed
kanggo nggawe tabel luwih kompak kanthi ngethok lapisan sel dadi setengah.
# | Jeneng pisanan | Jeneng mburi | Jeneng panganggo |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Tandhani | Otto | @mdo |
2 | Yakub | Thornton | @lemak |
3 | Larry Manuk |
<table class="table table-condensed">
...
</table>
Gunakake kelas kontekstual kanggo warna baris tabel utawa sel individu.
kelas | Katrangan |
---|---|
.active |
Nerapake warna hover menyang baris utawa sel tartamtu |
.success |
Nuduhake tumindak sing sukses utawa positif |
.info |
Nuduhake owah-owahan informatif netral utawa tumindak |
.warning |
Nuduhake bebaya sing mbutuhake perhatian |
.danger |
Nuduhake tumindak mbebayani utawa duweni potensi negatif |
# | judhul kolom | judhul kolom | judhul kolom |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Isi kolom | Isi kolom | Isi kolom |
2 | Isi kolom | Isi kolom | Isi kolom |
3 | Isi kolom | Isi kolom | Isi kolom |
4 | Isi kolom | Isi kolom | Isi kolom |
5 | Isi kolom | Isi kolom | Isi kolom |
6 | Isi kolom | Isi kolom | Isi kolom |
7 | Isi kolom | Isi kolom | Isi kolom |
8 | Isi kolom | Isi kolom | Isi kolom |
9 | Isi kolom | Isi kolom | Isi kolom |
<!-- On rows -->
<tr class="active">...</tr>
<tr class="success">...</tr>
<tr class="warning">...</tr>
<tr class="danger">...</tr>
<tr class="info">...</tr>
<!-- On cells (`td` or `th`) -->
<tr>
<td class="active">...</td>
<td class="success">...</td>
<td class="warning">...</td>
<td class="danger">...</td>
<td class="info">...</td>
</tr>
Nggunakake warna kanggo nambah makna ing baris tabel utawa sel individu mung menehi indikasi visual, sing ora bakal dikirim menyang pangguna teknologi bantu - kayata pembaca layar. Priksa manawa informasi sing dituduhake kanthi warna katon jelas saka isi kasebut (teks sing katon ing baris / sel tabel sing cocog), utawa kalebu liwat cara alternatif, kayata teks tambahan sing didhelikake karo .sr-only
kelas.
.table
Gawe tabel responsif kanthi mbungkus apa .table-responsive
wae supaya bisa nggulung kanthi horisontal ing piranti cilik (nganti 768px). Nalika ndeleng apa wae sing luwih gedhe tinimbang 768px, sampeyan ora bakal bisa ndeleng prabédan ing tabel kasebut.
Tabel responsif nggunakake overflow-y: hidden
, sing ngethok konten sing ngluwihi sisih ngisor utawa ndhuwur meja. Utamane, iki bisa ngilangi menu gulung mudhun lan widget pihak katelu liyane.
Firefox duwe sawetara gaya fieldset kikuk width
sing ngganggu tabel responsif. Iki ora bisa diganti tanpa hack khusus Firefox sing ora diwenehake ing Bootstrap:
@-moz-document url-prefix() {
fieldset { display: table-cell; }
}
Kanggo informasi luwih lengkap, waca jawaban Stack Overflow iki .
# | Tabel judhul | Tabel judhul | Tabel judhul | Tabel judhul | Tabel judhul | Tabel judhul |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | sel meja | sel meja | sel meja | sel meja | sel meja | sel meja |
2 | sel meja | sel meja | sel meja | sel meja | sel meja | sel meja |
3 | sel meja | sel meja | sel meja | sel meja | sel meja | sel meja |
# | Tabel judhul | Tabel judhul | Tabel judhul | Tabel judhul | Tabel judhul | Tabel judhul |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | sel meja | sel meja | sel meja | sel meja | sel meja | sel meja |
2 | sel meja | sel meja | sel meja | sel meja | sel meja | sel meja |
3 | sel meja | sel meja | sel meja | sel meja | sel meja | sel meja |
<div class="table-responsive">
<table class="table">
...
</table>
</div>
Kontrol wangun individu kanthi otomatis nampa sawetara gaya global. Kabeh tekstual <input>
, <textarea>
, lan <select>
unsur karo .form-control
disetel width: 100%;
minangka standar. Bungkus label lan kontrol .form-group
kanggo spasi paling optimal.
<form>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail1">Email address</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail1" placeholder="Email">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputPassword1">Password</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword1" placeholder="Password">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputFile">File input</label>
<input type="file" id="exampleInputFile">
<p class="help-block">Example block-level help text here.</p>
</div>
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox"> Check me out
</label>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
</form>
Aja nyampur grup wangun langsung karo grup input . Nanging, pasang grup input ing grup formulir.
Tambah .form-inline
ing formulir sampeyan (sing ora kudu a <form>
) kanggo kontrol blok kiwa lan blok inline. Iki mung ditrapake kanggo formulir ing viewport sing ambane paling sethithik 768px.
Input lan pilihan wis width: 100%;
ditrapake kanthi standar ing Bootstrap. Ing wangun inline, kita ngreset width: auto;
supaya sawetara kontrol bisa manggon ing baris sing padha. Gumantung saka tata letak sampeyan, jembar khusus tambahan bisa uga dibutuhake.
Pembaca layar bakal duwe masalah karo formulir sampeyan yen sampeyan ora kalebu label kanggo saben input. Kanggo formulir inline iki, sampeyan bisa ndhelikake label nggunakake .sr-only
kelas. Ana cara alternatif liyane kanggo nyedhiyakake label kanggo teknologi bantu, kayata aria-label
, aria-labelledby
utawa title
atribut. Yen ora ana, pembaca layar bisa nggunakake placeholder
atribut kasebut, yen ana, nanging elinga yen nggunakake placeholder
minangka panggantos kanggo metode label liyane ora disaranake.
<form class="form-inline">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputName2">Name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="exampleInputName2" placeholder="Jane Doe">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail2">Email</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail2" placeholder="[email protected]">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Send invitation</button>
</form>
<form class="form-inline">
<div class="form-group">
<label class="sr-only" for="exampleInputEmail3">Email address</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail3" placeholder="Email">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="sr-only" for="exampleInputPassword3">Password</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword3" placeholder="Password">
</div>
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox"> Remember me
</label>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button>
</form>
<form class="form-inline">
<div class="form-group">
<label class="sr-only" for="exampleInputAmount">Amount (in dollars)</label>
<div class="input-group">
<div class="input-group-addon">$</div>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="exampleInputAmount" placeholder="Amount">
<div class="input-group-addon">.00</div>
</div>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Transfer cash</button>
</form>
Gunakake kelas kothak sing wis ditemtokake Bootstrap kanggo nyelarasake label lan klompok kontrol formulir ing tata letak horisontal kanthi nambahake .form-horizontal
formulir kasebut (sing ora kudu dadi <form>
). Nglakoni owah-owahan supaya .form-group
tumindak minangka baris kothak, dadi ora perlu .row
.
<form class="form-horizontal">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">Email</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail3" placeholder="Email">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="inputPassword3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">Password</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword3" placeholder="Password">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox"> Remember me
</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
Conto kontrol wangun standar sing didhukung ing conto tata letak formulir.
Kontrol formulir sing paling umum, kolom input basis teks. Kalebu dhukungan kanggo kabeh jinis HTML5: text
, password
, datetime
, datetime-local
, date
, month
, time
, week
, number
, email
, url
, search
, tel
, lan color
.
Input mung bakal ditata kanthi lengkap yen type
diumumake kanthi bener.
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Text input">
Kanggo nambah teks utawa tombol terpadu sadurunge lan/utawa sawise adhedhasar teks <input>
, priksa komponen grup input .
Kontrol formulir sing ndhukung pirang-pirang baris teks. Ganti rows
atribut yen perlu.
<textarea class="form-control" rows="3"></textarea>
Kothak centhang kanggo milih siji utawa sawetara opsi ing dhaptar, dene radio kanggo milih siji opsi saka akeh.
kothak centhang lan radio dipatèni didhukung, nanging kanggo nyedhiyani kursor "ora diijini" ing hover saka wong tuwa <label>
, sampeyan kudu nambah .disabled
kelas kanggo wong tuwa .radio
, .radio-inline
, .checkbox
, utawa .checkbox-inline
.
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox" value="">
Option one is this and that—be sure to include why it's great
</label>
</div>
<div class="checkbox disabled">
<label>
<input type="checkbox" value="" disabled>
Option two is disabled
</label>
</div>
<div class="radio">
<label>
<input type="radio" name="optionsRadios" id="optionsRadios1" value="option1" checked>
Option one is this and that—be sure to include why it's great
</label>
</div>
<div class="radio">
<label>
<input type="radio" name="optionsRadios" id="optionsRadios2" value="option2">
Option two can be something else and selecting it will deselect option one
</label>
</div>
<div class="radio disabled">
<label>
<input type="radio" name="optionsRadios" id="optionsRadios3" value="option3" disabled>
Option three is disabled
</label>
</div>
Gunakake .checkbox-inline
utawa .radio-inline
kelas ing seri kothak centhang utawa radio kanggo kontrol sing katon ing baris padha.
<label class="checkbox-inline">
<input type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox1" value="option1"> 1
</label>
<label class="checkbox-inline">
<input type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox2" value="option2"> 2
</label>
<label class="checkbox-inline">
<input type="checkbox" id="inlineCheckbox3" value="option3"> 3
</label>
<label class="radio-inline">
<input type="radio" name="inlineRadioOptions" id="inlineRadio1" value="option1"> 1
</label>
<label class="radio-inline">
<input type="radio" name="inlineRadioOptions" id="inlineRadio2" value="option2"> 2
</label>
<label class="radio-inline">
<input type="radio" name="inlineRadioOptions" id="inlineRadio3" value="option3"> 3
</label>
Yen sampeyan ora duwe teks ing <label>
, input dipanggonke kaya sing dikarepake. Saiki mung bisa digunakake ing kothak centhang lan radio non-inline. Elinga yen isih menehi sawetara wujud label kanggo teknologi bantu (contone, nggunakake aria-label
).
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox" id="blankCheckbox" value="option1" aria-label="...">
</label>
</div>
<div class="radio">
<label>
<input type="radio" name="blankRadio" id="blankRadio1" value="option1" aria-label="...">
</label>
</div>
Elinga yen akeh menu pilihan asli - yaiku ing Safari lan Chrome - duwe sudhut bunder sing ora bisa diowahi liwat border-radius
properti.
<select class="form-control">
<option>1</option>
<option>2</option>
<option>3</option>
<option>4</option>
<option>5</option>
</select>
Kanggo <select>
kontrol karo multiple
atribut, macem-macem opsi ditampilake minangka standar.
<select multiple class="form-control">
<option>1</option>
<option>2</option>
<option>3</option>
<option>4</option>
<option>5</option>
</select>
Yen sampeyan kudu nyelehake teks kosong ing jejere label formulir ing formulir, gunakake .form-control-static
kelas ing a <p>
.
<form class="form-horizontal">
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-sm-2 control-label">Email</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<p class="form-control-static">[email protected]</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="inputPassword" class="col-sm-2 control-label">Password</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword" placeholder="Password">
</div>
</div>
</form>
<form class="form-inline">
<div class="form-group">
<label class="sr-only">Email</label>
<p class="form-control-static">[email protected]</p>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="inputPassword2" class="sr-only">Password</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword2" placeholder="Password">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Confirm identity</button>
</form>
Kita mbusak gaya gawan outline
ing sawetara kontrol wangun lan aplikasi box-shadow
ing panggonan kanggo :focus
.
:focus
negara demoInput conto ing ndhuwur nggunakake gaya khusus ing dokumentasi kita kanggo nduduhake :focus
negara ing .form-control
.
Tambah disabled
atribut boolean ing input kanggo nyegah interaksi pangguna. Input sing dipateni katon luwih entheng lan nambah not-allowed
kursor.
<input class="form-control" id="disabledInput" type="text" placeholder="Disabled input here..." disabled>
Tambah disabled
atribut menyang a <fieldset>
kanggo mateni kabeh kontrol ing <fieldset>
bebarengan.
<a>
Kanthi gawan, browser bakal nganggep kabeh kontrol wangun asli ( <input>
, <select>
lan <button>
unsur) ing njero <fieldset disabled>
minangka dipatèni, nyegah interaksi keyboard lan mouse. Nanging, yen formulir sampeyan uga kalebu <a ... class="btn btn-*">
unsur, iki mung bakal diwenehi gaya pointer-events: none
. Kaya sing kacathet ing bagean babagan status cacat kanggo tombol (lan khusus ing sub-bagean kanggo unsur anchor), properti CSS iki durung standar lan durung didhukung kanthi lengkap ing Opera 18 lan ngisor, utawa ing Internet Explorer 11, lan menang. 't nyegah pangguna keyboard supaya bisa fokus utawa ngaktifake tautan kasebut. Supaya aman, gunakake JavaScript khusus kanggo mateni tautan kasebut.
Nalika Bootstrap bakal ngetrapake gaya kasebut ing kabeh browser, Internet Explorer 11 lan ing ngisor iki ora ndhukung disabled
atribut kasebut kanthi lengkap <fieldset>
. Gunakake JavaScript khusus kanggo mateni set lapangan ing browser kasebut.
<form>
<fieldset disabled>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="disabledTextInput">Disabled input</label>
<input type="text" id="disabledTextInput" class="form-control" placeholder="Disabled input">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="disabledSelect">Disabled select menu</label>
<select id="disabledSelect" class="form-control">
<option>Disabled select</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox"> Can't check this
</label>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
</fieldset>
</form>
Tambah readonly
atribut boolean ing input kanggo nyegah modifikasi nilai input. Input mung diwaca katon luwih entheng (kaya input sing dipateni), nanging tetep kursor standar.
<input class="form-control" type="text" placeholder="Readonly input here…" readonly>
Blok teks bantuan tingkat kanggo kontrol formulir.
Teks pitulung kudu digandhengake kanthi jelas karo kontrol formulir sing ana gandhengane karo nggunakake aria-describedby
atribut kasebut. Iki bakal mesthekake yen teknologi pitulung - kayata pembaca layar - bakal ngumumake teks bantuan iki nalika pangguna fokus utawa mlebu kontrol.
<label class="sr-only" for="inputHelpBlock">Input with help text</label>
<input type="text" id="inputHelpBlock" class="form-control" aria-describedby="helpBlock">
...
<span id="helpBlock" class="help-block">A block of help text that breaks onto a new line and may extend beyond one line.</span>
Bootstrap kalebu gaya validasi kanggo kesalahan, peringatan, lan status sukses ing kontrol formulir. Kanggo nggunakake, nambah .has-warning
, .has-error
, utawa .has-success
menyang unsur induk. Sembarang .control-label
, .form-control
, lan .help-block
ing unsur kasebut bakal nampa gaya validasi.
Nggunakake gaya validasi iki kanggo nunjukake kahanan kontrol formulir mung menehi indikasi visual adhedhasar warna, sing ora bakal dikirim menyang pangguna teknologi bantu - kayata pembaca layar - utawa pangguna buta warna.
Priksa manawa indikasi alternatif negara uga diwenehake. Contone, sampeyan bisa nyakup pitunjuk babagan negara ing <label>
teks kontrol formulir dhewe (kaya ing conto kode ing ngisor iki), kalebu Glyphicon (kanthi teks alternatif sing cocog nggunakake .sr-only
kelas - deleng conto Glyphicon ), utawa kanthi menehi pamblokiran teks bantuan tambahan . Khusus kanggo teknologi pitulung, kontrol formulir sing ora bener uga bisa diwenehi aria-invalid="true"
atribut.
<div class="form-group has-success">
<label class="control-label" for="inputSuccess1">Input with success</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputSuccess1" aria-describedby="helpBlock2">
<span id="helpBlock2" class="help-block">A block of help text that breaks onto a new line and may extend beyond one line.</span>
</div>
<div class="form-group has-warning">
<label class="control-label" for="inputWarning1">Input with warning</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputWarning1">
</div>
<div class="form-group has-error">
<label class="control-label" for="inputError1">Input with error</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputError1">
</div>
<div class="has-success">
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox" id="checkboxSuccess" value="option1">
Checkbox with success
</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="has-warning">
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox" id="checkboxWarning" value="option1">
Checkbox with warning
</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="has-error">
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox" id="checkboxError" value="option1">
Checkbox with error
</label>
</div>
</div>
Sampeyan uga bisa nambah lambang saran opsional kanthi tambahan .has-feedback
lan lambang tengen.
Ikon umpan balik mung bisa digunakake karo <input class="form-control">
unsur teks.
Posisi manual lambang umpan balik dibutuhake kanggo input tanpa label lan kanggo grup input kanthi tambahan ing sisih tengen. Sampeyan dianjurake banget kanggo nyedhiyakake label kanggo kabeh input amarga alasan aksesibilitas. Yen sampeyan pengin nyegah label supaya ora ditampilake, ndhelikake karo .sr-only
kelas. Yen sampeyan kudu nindakake tanpa label, atur top
nilai lambang umpan balik. Kanggo grup input, atur right
nilai kasebut menyang nilai piksel sing cocog gumantung saka ambane addon sampeyan.
Kanggo mesthekake yen teknologi assistive - kayata pembaca layar - kanthi bener ngirimake makna lambang, teks tambahan sing didhelikake kudu dilebokake ing .sr-only
kelas lan digandhengake kanthi jelas karo kontrol formulir sing ana gandhengane karo nggunakake aria-describedby
. Utawa, mesthekake yen makna (contone, kasunyatan sing ana bebaya kanggo kolom entri teks tartamtu) disampekake ing sawetara wangun liyane, kayata ngganti teks saka nyata sing <label>
digandhengake karo kontrol formulir.
Sanajan conto-conto ing ngisor iki wis nyebataken status validasi kontrol wangun masing-masing ing <label>
teks kasebut, teknik ing ndhuwur (nganggo .sr-only
teks lan aria-describedby
) wis kalebu kanggo tujuan ilustrasi.
<div class="form-group has-success has-feedback">
<label class="control-label" for="inputSuccess2">Input with success</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputSuccess2" aria-describedby="inputSuccess2Status">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-ok form-control-feedback" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span id="inputSuccess2Status" class="sr-only">(success)</span>
</div>
<div class="form-group has-warning has-feedback">
<label class="control-label" for="inputWarning2">Input with warning</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputWarning2" aria-describedby="inputWarning2Status">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-warning-sign form-control-feedback" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span id="inputWarning2Status" class="sr-only">(warning)</span>
</div>
<div class="form-group has-error has-feedback">
<label class="control-label" for="inputError2">Input with error</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputError2" aria-describedby="inputError2Status">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-remove form-control-feedback" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span id="inputError2Status" class="sr-only">(error)</span>
</div>
<div class="form-group has-success has-feedback">
<label class="control-label" for="inputGroupSuccess1">Input group with success</label>
<div class="input-group">
<span class="input-group-addon">@</span>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputGroupSuccess1" aria-describedby="inputGroupSuccess1Status">
</div>
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-ok form-control-feedback" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span id="inputGroupSuccess1Status" class="sr-only">(success)</span>
</div>
<form class="form-horizontal">
<div class="form-group has-success has-feedback">
<label class="control-label col-sm-3" for="inputSuccess3">Input with success</label>
<div class="col-sm-9">
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputSuccess3" aria-describedby="inputSuccess3Status">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-ok form-control-feedback" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span id="inputSuccess3Status" class="sr-only">(success)</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group has-success has-feedback">
<label class="control-label col-sm-3" for="inputGroupSuccess2">Input group with success</label>
<div class="col-sm-9">
<div class="input-group">
<span class="input-group-addon">@</span>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputGroupSuccess2" aria-describedby="inputGroupSuccess2Status">
</div>
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-ok form-control-feedback" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span id="inputGroupSuccess2Status" class="sr-only">(success)</span>
</div>
</div>
</form>
<form class="form-inline">
<div class="form-group has-success has-feedback">
<label class="control-label" for="inputSuccess4">Input with success</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputSuccess4" aria-describedby="inputSuccess4Status">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-ok form-control-feedback" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span id="inputSuccess4Status" class="sr-only">(success)</span>
</div>
</form>
<form class="form-inline">
<div class="form-group has-success has-feedback">
<label class="control-label" for="inputGroupSuccess3">Input group with success</label>
<div class="input-group">
<span class="input-group-addon">@</span>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputGroupSuccess3" aria-describedby="inputGroupSuccess3Status">
</div>
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-ok form-control-feedback" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span id="inputGroupSuccess3Status" class="sr-only">(success)</span>
</div>
</form>
.sr-only
Ikon opsional kanthi label sing didhelikakeYen sampeyan nggunakake .sr-only
kelas kanggo ndhelikake kontrol formulir <label>
(tinimbang nggunakake opsi label liyane, kayata aria-label
atribut), Bootstrap bakal kanthi otomatis nyetel posisi lambang yen wis ditambahake.
<div class="form-group has-success has-feedback">
<label class="control-label sr-only" for="inputSuccess5">Hidden label</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputSuccess5" aria-describedby="inputSuccess5Status">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-ok form-control-feedback" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span id="inputSuccess5Status" class="sr-only">(success)</span>
</div>
<div class="form-group has-success has-feedback">
<label class="control-label sr-only" for="inputGroupSuccess4">Input group with success</label>
<div class="input-group">
<span class="input-group-addon">@</span>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputGroupSuccess4" aria-describedby="inputGroupSuccess4Status">
</div>
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-ok form-control-feedback" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span id="inputGroupSuccess4Status" class="sr-only">(success)</span>
</div>
Setel dhuwur nggunakake kelas kaya .input-lg
, lan nyetel jembar nggunakake kelas kolom kothak kaya .col-lg-*
.
Nggawe kontrol wangun sing luwih dhuwur utawa luwih cendhek sing cocog karo ukuran tombol.
<input class="form-control input-lg" type="text" placeholder=".input-lg">
<input class="form-control" type="text" placeholder="Default input">
<input class="form-control input-sm" type="text" placeholder=".input-sm">
<select class="form-control input-lg">...</select>
<select class="form-control">...</select>
<select class="form-control input-sm">...</select>
Cepet ukuran label lan wangun kontrol ing .form-horizontal
kanthi nambah .form-group-lg
utawa .form-group-sm
.
<form class="form-horizontal">
<div class="form-group form-group-lg">
<label class="col-sm-2 control-label" for="formGroupInputLarge">Large label</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input class="form-control" type="text" id="formGroupInputLarge" placeholder="Large input">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group form-group-sm">
<label class="col-sm-2 control-label" for="formGroupInputSmall">Small label</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input class="form-control" type="text" id="formGroupInputSmall" placeholder="Small input">
</div>
</div>
</form>
Bungkus input ing kolom kothak, utawa unsur induk khusus, supaya gampang ngetrapake jembar sing dikarepake.
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-2">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder=".col-xs-2">
</div>
<div class="col-xs-3">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder=".col-xs-3">
</div>
<div class="col-xs-4">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder=".col-xs-4">
</div>
</div>
Gunakake kelas tombol ing <a>
, <button>
, utawa <input>
unsur.
<a class="btn btn-default" href="#" role="button">Link</a>
<button class="btn btn-default" type="submit">Button</button>
<input class="btn btn-default" type="button" value="Input">
<input class="btn btn-default" type="submit" value="Submit">
Nalika kelas tombol bisa digunakake <a>
lan <button>
unsur, mung <button>
unsur sing didhukung ing komponen nav lan navbar kita.
Yen <a>
unsur digunakake kanggo tumindak minangka tombol - micu fungsionalitas ing kaca, tinimbang navigasi menyang dokumen utawa bagean liyane ing kaca saiki - uga kudu diwenehi role="button"
.
Minangka laku paling apik, kita banget nyaranake nggunakake <button>
unsur sabisa kanggo mesthekake cocog cross-browser rendering.
Antarane liyane, ana bug ing Firefox <30 sing ngalangi kita nyetel tombol line-height
basis <input>
, nyebabake ora cocog karo dhuwur tombol liyane ing Firefox.
Gunakake sembarang kelas tombol kasedhiya kanggo cepet nggawe tombol gaya.
<!-- Standard button -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">Default</button>
<!-- Provides extra visual weight and identifies the primary action in a set of buttons -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Primary</button>
<!-- Indicates a successful or positive action -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success">Success</button>
<!-- Contextual button for informational alert messages -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-info">Info</button>
<!-- Indicates caution should be taken with this action -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">Warning</button>
<!-- Indicates a dangerous or potentially negative action -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">Danger</button>
<!-- Deemphasize a button by making it look like a link while maintaining button behavior -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link">Link</button>
Nggunakake warna kanggo nambah makna tombol mung menehi indikasi visual, sing ora bakal dikirim menyang pangguna teknologi bantu - kayata pembaca layar. Priksa manawa informasi sing dituduhake kanthi warna katon jelas saka isi kasebut (teks tombol sing katon), utawa kalebu liwat cara alternatif, kayata teks tambahan sing didhelikake karo .sr-only
kelas.
Apik tombol luwih gedhe utawa luwih cilik? Tambah .btn-lg
, .btn-sm
, utawa .btn-xs
kanggo ukuran tambahan.
<p>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg">Large button</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-lg">Large button</button>
</p>
<p>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Default button</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">Default button</button>
</p>
<p>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Small button</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-sm">Small button</button>
</p>
<p>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs">Extra small button</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-xs">Extra small button</button>
</p>
Nggawe tombol tingkat pemblokiran-sing ukurane jembare wong tuwa- kanthi nambahake .btn-block
.
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg btn-block">Block level button</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-lg btn-block">Block level button</button>
Tombol bakal katon dipencet (kanthi latar mburi sing luwih peteng, wates sing luwih peteng, lan bayangan inset) nalika aktif. Kanggo <button>
unsur, iki ditindakake liwat :active
. Kanggo <a>
unsur, wis rampung karo .active
. Nanging, sampeyan bisa nggunakake .active
ing <button>
s (lan kalebu aria-pressed="true"
atribut) yen sampeyan kudu nurun status aktif programmatically.
Ora perlu kanggo nambah :active
minangka pseudo-kelas, nanging yen sampeyan kudu meksa katon padha, go ahead lan nambah .active
.
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg active">Primary button</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-lg active">Button</button>
Tambah .active
kelas kanggo <a>
tombol.
<a href="#" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg active" role="button">Primary link</a>
<a href="#" class="btn btn-default btn-lg active" role="button">Link</a>
Nggawe tombol katon ora bisa diklik kanthi ngilangi maneh nganggo opacity
.
Tambah disabled
atribut menyang <button>
tombol.
<button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-primary" disabled="disabled">Primary button</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-lg" disabled="disabled">Button</button>
Yen sampeyan nambahake disabled
atribut menyang <button>
, Internet Explorer 9 lan ing ngisor iki bakal nggawe teks dadi abu-abu kanthi bayangan teks sing ora bisa didandani.
Tambah .disabled
kelas kanggo <a>
tombol.
<a href="#" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg disabled" role="button">Primary link</a>
<a href="#" class="btn btn-default btn-lg disabled" role="button">Link</a>
Kita digunakake .disabled
minangka kelas sarana ing kene, padha karo .active
kelas umum, mula ora perlu prefiks.
Kelas iki digunakake pointer-events: none
kanggo nyoba kanggo mateni fungsi link saka <a>
s, nanging sing properti CSS durung standar lan ora kebak didhukung ing Opera 18 lan ngisor, utawa ing Internet Explorer 11. Kajaba iku, malah ing browser sing ndhukung pointer-events: none
, keyboard. pandhu arah tetep ora kena pengaruh, tegese pangguna keyboard sing katon lan pangguna teknologi bantu isih bisa ngaktifake tautan kasebut. Supaya aman, gunakake JavaScript khusus kanggo mateni tautan kasebut.
Gambar ing Bootstrap 3 bisa digawe responsif-loropaken liwat tambahan saka .img-responsive
kelas. Iki ditrapake max-width: 100%;
, height: auto;
lan display: block;
kanggo gambar supaya timbangan apik kanggo unsur induk.
Kanggo gambar tengah sing nggunakake .img-responsive
kelas, gunakake .center-block
tinimbang .text-center
. Deleng bagean kelas helper kanggo rincian liyane babagan .center-block
panggunaan.
Ing Internet Explorer 8-10, gambar SVG kanthi .img-responsive
ukuran ora proporsional. Kanggo ndandani iki, tambahake width: 100% \9;
yen perlu. Bootstrap ora ngetrapake iki kanthi otomatis amarga nyebabake komplikasi kanggo format gambar liyane.
<img src="..." class="img-responsive" alt="Responsive image">
Tambah kelas menyang <img>
unsur supaya gambar gampang gaya ing proyek apa wae.
Elinga yen Internet Explorer 8 ora duwe dhukungan kanggo sudhut bunder.
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-rounded">
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-circle">
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-thumbnail">
Nerangake makna liwat werna kanthi sawetara kelas sarana emphasis. Iki bisa uga ditrapake kanggo tautan lan bakal dadi peteng nalika hover kaya gaya tautan standar kita.
Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris nibh.
Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.
Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula.
Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit lungguh amet non magna.
Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.
Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.
<p class="text-muted">...</p>
<p class="text-primary">...</p>
<p class="text-success">...</p>
<p class="text-info">...</p>
<p class="text-warning">...</p>
<p class="text-danger">...</p>
Kadhangkala kelas emphasis ora bisa ditrapake amarga spesifik saka pamilih liyane. Umume kasus, solusi sing cukup yaiku mbungkus teks sampeyan <span>
karo kelas.
Nggunakake warna kanggo nambah makna mung menehi indikasi visual, sing ora bakal dikirim menyang pangguna teknologi bantu - kayata pembaca layar. Priksa manawa informasi sing dituduhake kanthi warna katon jelas saka isi kasebut (werna kontekstual mung digunakake kanggo nguatake makna sing wis ana ing teks/markup), utawa kalebu liwat cara alternatif, kayata teks tambahan sing didhelikake karo .sr-only
kelas . .
Kaya karo kelas warna teks kontekstual, gampang nyetel latar mburi unsur menyang kelas kontekstual apa wae. Komponen jangkar bakal dadi peteng nalika hover, kaya kelas teks.
Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.
Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula.
Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit lungguh amet non magna.
Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.
Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.
<p class="bg-primary">...</p>
<p class="bg-success">...</p>
<p class="bg-info">...</p>
<p class="bg-warning">...</p>
<p class="bg-danger">...</p>
Kadhangkala kelas latar mburi kontekstual ora bisa ditrapake amarga kekhususan pamilih liyane. Ing sawetara kasus, solusi sing cukup yaiku mbungkus konten unsur sampeyan <div>
karo kelas.
Kaya warna kontekstual , priksa manawa makna apa wae sing diwedharake liwat warna uga diandharake ing format sing ora mung presentasi.
Gunakake lambang cedhak umum kanggo ngilangi konten kaya modal lan tandha.
<button type="button" class="close" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button>
Gunakake carets kanggo nuduhake fungsi gulung mudhun lan arah. Elinga yen caret gawan bakal mbalikke kanthi otomatis ing menu drop -up .
<span class="caret"></span>
Ngambang unsur ing ngiwa utawa nengen karo kelas. !important
kalebu kanggo ngindhari masalah spesifik. Kelas uga bisa digunakake minangka campuran.
<div class="pull-left">...</div>
<div class="pull-right">...</div>
// Classes
.pull-left {
float: left !important;
}
.pull-right {
float: right !important;
}
// Usage as mixins
.element {
.pull-left();
}
.another-element {
.pull-right();
}
Setel unsur menyang display: block
lan tengah liwat margin
. Kasedhiya minangka mixin lan kelas.
<div class="center-block">...</div>
// Class
.center-block {
display: block;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
}
// Usage as a mixin
.element {
.center-block();
}
Gampang mbusak float
s kanthi nambahake .clearfix
unsur induk . Nggunakake micro clearfix kaya sing dipopulerkan dening Nicolas Gallagher. Bisa uga digunakake minangka campuran.
<!-- Usage as a class -->
<div class="clearfix">...</div>
// Mixin itself
.clearfix() {
&:before,
&:after {
content: " ";
display: table;
}
&:after {
clear: both;
}
}
// Usage as a mixin
.element {
.clearfix();
}
Meksa unsur ditampilake utawa didhelikake ( kalebu kanggo nonton layar ) karo nggunakake .show
lan .hidden
kelas. Kelas kasebut digunakake !important
kanggo ngindhari konflik spesifik, kaya ngambang cepet . Padha mung kasedhiya kanggo toggling tingkat blok. Padha uga bisa digunakake minangka mixins.
.hide
kasedhiya, nanging ora tansah mengaruhi nonton layar lan wis ora ana ing v3.0.1 . Gunakake .hidden
utawa .sr-only
tinimbang.
Salajengipun, .invisible
mung bisa digunakake kanggo ngalih visibilitas unsur, tegese display
ora diowahi lan unsur kasebut isih bisa mengaruhi aliran dokumen kasebut.
<div class="show">...</div>
<div class="hidden">...</div>
// Classes
.show {
display: block !important;
}
.hidden {
display: none !important;
}
.invisible {
visibility: hidden;
}
// Usage as mixins
.element {
.show();
}
.another-element {
.hidden();
}
Singidaken unsur menyang kabeh piranti kajaba maca layar nganggo .sr-only
. Gabung .sr-only
karo .sr-only-focusable
kanggo nuduhake unsur maneh nalika lagi fokus (contone dening pangguna keyboard-mung). Diperlukan kanggo ngetutake praktik paling apik aksesibilitas . Bisa uga digunakake minangka campuran.
<a class="sr-only sr-only-focusable" href="#content">Skip to main content</a>
// Usage as a mixin
.skip-navigation {
.sr-only();
.sr-only-focusable();
}
Gunakake .text-hide
kelas utawa mixin kanggo ngganti konten teks unsur kanthi gambar latar mburi.
<h1 class="text-hide">Custom heading</h1>
// Usage as a mixin
.heading {
.text-hide();
}
Kanggo pangembangan seluler sing luwih cepet, gunakake kelas utilitas iki kanggo nuduhake lan ndhelikake konten miturut piranti liwat pitakon media. Uga kalebu kelas sarana kanggo ngowahi isi nalika dicithak.
Coba gunakake iki kanthi winates lan aja nggawe versi sing beda-beda saka situs sing padha. Nanging, gunakake kanggo nglengkapi presentasi saben piranti.
Gunakake siji utawa kombinasi saka kelas sing kasedhiya kanggo ngowahi isi ing titik breakpoint viewport.
Piranti ekstra cilikTelpon (<768px) | Piranti cilikTablet (≥768px) | Piranti mediumDesktop (≥992px) | Piranti gedheDesktop (≥1200px) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
.visible-xs-* |
Katon | didhelikake | didhelikake | didhelikake |
.visible-sm-* |
didhelikake | Katon | didhelikake | didhelikake |
.visible-md-* |
didhelikake | didhelikake | Katon | didhelikake |
.visible-lg-* |
didhelikake | didhelikake | didhelikake | Katon |
.hidden-xs |
didhelikake | Katon | Katon | Katon |
.hidden-sm |
Katon | didhelikake | Katon | Katon |
.hidden-md |
Katon | Katon | didhelikake | Katon |
.hidden-lg |
Katon | Katon | Katon | didhelikake |
Ing v3.2.0, .visible-*-*
kelas kanggo saben breakpoint ana telung variasi, siji kanggo saben display
nilai properti CSS sing kapacak ing ngisor iki.
Klompok kelas | CSSdisplay |
---|---|
.visible-*-block |
display: block; |
.visible-*-inline |
display: inline; |
.visible-*-inline-block |
display: inline-block; |
Dadi, kanggo layar ekstra cilik ( xs
) contone, .visible-*-*
kelas sing kasedhiya yaiku: .visible-xs-block
, .visible-xs-inline
, lan .visible-xs-inline-block
.
Kelas .visible-xs
, .visible-sm
, .visible-md
, lan .visible-lg
uga ana, nanging ora digunakake minangka v3.2.0 . Padha kira-kira padha karo .visible-*-block
, kajaba karo kasus khusus tambahan kanggo <table>
unsur-related toggling.
Kaya karo kelas responsif biasa, gunakake iki kanggo ngowahi isi kanggo dicithak.
kelas | Browser | |
---|---|---|
.visible-print-block .visible-print-inline .visible-print-inline-block |
didhelikake | Katon |
.hidden-print |
Katon | didhelikake |
Kelas kasebut .visible-print
uga ana nanging ora digunakake wiwit v3.2.0. Iku kira-kira padha karo .visible-print-block
, kajaba karo kasus khusus tambahan kanggo <table>
unsur -related.
Ganti ukuran browser utawa mbukak ing piranti beda kanggo nyoba kelas sarana responsif.
Centhang ijo nuduhake unsur katon ing viewport sampeyan saiki.
Ing kene, centhang ijo uga nuduhake unsur sing didhelikake ing viewport sampeyan saiki.
CSS Bootstrap dibangun ing Kurang, preprocessor kanthi fungsi tambahan kaya variabel, campuran, lan fungsi kanggo kompilasi CSS. Sing pengin nggunakake sumber Kurang file tinimbang file CSS sing dikompilasi bisa nggunakake macem-macem variabel lan campuran sing digunakake ing saindhenging kerangka.
Variabel grid lan mixin katutup ing bagean sistem Grid .
Bootstrap bisa digunakake ing paling ora rong cara: karo CSS kompilasi utawa karo sumber Kurang file. Kanggo ngumpulake file Kurang, goleki bagean Miwiti babagan carane nyiyapake lingkungan pangembangan kanggo mbukak printah sing dibutuhake.
Piranti kompilasi pihak katelu bisa digunakake karo Bootstrap, nanging ora didhukung dening tim inti kita.
Variabel digunakake ing kabeh proyek minangka cara kanggo sentralisasi lan nuduhake nilai sing umum digunakake kaya warna, spasi, utawa tumpukan font. Kanggo rincian lengkap, deleng Customizer .
Gampang nggunakake rong skema warna: skala abu-abu lan semantik. Werna grayscale nyedhiyakake akses cepet menyang werna ireng sing umum digunakake nalika semantik kalebu macem-macem werna sing ditugasake kanggo nilai kontekstual sing migunani.
@gray-darker: lighten(#000, 13.5%); // #222
@gray-dark: lighten(#000, 20%); // #333
@gray: lighten(#000, 33.5%); // #555
@gray-light: lighten(#000, 46.7%); // #777
@gray-lighter: lighten(#000, 93.5%); // #eee
@brand-primary: darken(#428bca, 6.5%); // #337ab7
@brand-success: #5cb85c;
@brand-info: #5bc0de;
@brand-warning: #f0ad4e;
@brand-danger: #d9534f;
Gunakake variabel warna apa wae sing ana utawa ganti maneh menyang variabel sing luwih migunani kanggo proyek sampeyan.
// Use as-is
.masthead {
background-color: @brand-primary;
}
// Reassigned variables in Less
@alert-message-background: @brand-info;
.alert {
background-color: @alert-message-background;
}
Sawetara variabel kanggo ngatur unsur-unsur kunci kerangka situs sampeyan kanthi cepet.
// Scaffolding
@body-bg: #fff;
@text-color: @black-50;
Gaya pranala sampeyan kanthi gampang nganggo warna sing pas kanthi mung siji nilai.
// Variables
@link-color: @brand-primary;
@link-hover-color: darken(@link-color, 15%);
// Usage
a {
color: @link-color;
text-decoration: none;
&:hover {
color: @link-hover-color;
text-decoration: underline;
}
}
Elinga yen @link-hover-color
nggunakake fungsi, alat liyane apik tenan saka Kurang, kanggo otomatis nggawe werna hover tengen. Sampeyan bisa nggunakake darken
, lighten
, saturate
lan desaturate
.
Setel jinis huruf, ukuran teks, anjog, lan liya-liyane kanthi gampang kanthi sawetara variabel cepet. Bootstrap uga nggunakake iki kanggo nyedhiyakake campuran tipografi sing gampang.
@font-family-sans-serif: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
@font-family-serif: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
@font-family-monospace: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace;
@font-family-base: @font-family-sans-serif;
@font-size-base: 14px;
@font-size-large: ceil((@font-size-base * 1.25)); // ~18px
@font-size-small: ceil((@font-size-base * 0.85)); // ~12px
@font-size-h1: floor((@font-size-base * 2.6)); // ~36px
@font-size-h2: floor((@font-size-base * 2.15)); // ~30px
@font-size-h3: ceil((@font-size-base * 1.7)); // ~24px
@font-size-h4: ceil((@font-size-base * 1.25)); // ~18px
@font-size-h5: @font-size-base;
@font-size-h6: ceil((@font-size-base * 0.85)); // ~12px
@line-height-base: 1.428571429; // 20/14
@line-height-computed: floor((@font-size-base * @line-height-base)); // ~20px
@headings-font-family: inherit;
@headings-font-weight: 500;
@headings-line-height: 1.1;
@headings-color: inherit;
Loro variabel cepet kanggo ngatur lokasi lan jeneng file lambang sampeyan.
@icon-font-path: "../fonts/";
@icon-font-name: "glyphicons-halflings-regular";
Komponen ing Bootstrap nggunakake sawetara variabel standar kanggo nyetel nilai umum. Kene sing paling umum digunakake.
@padding-base-vertical: 6px;
@padding-base-horizontal: 12px;
@padding-large-vertical: 10px;
@padding-large-horizontal: 16px;
@padding-small-vertical: 5px;
@padding-small-horizontal: 10px;
@padding-xs-vertical: 1px;
@padding-xs-horizontal: 5px;
@line-height-large: 1.33;
@line-height-small: 1.5;
@border-radius-base: 4px;
@border-radius-large: 6px;
@border-radius-small: 3px;
@component-active-color: #fff;
@component-active-bg: @brand-primary;
@caret-width-base: 4px;
@caret-width-large: 5px;
Campuran vendor minangka campuran kanggo mbantu ndhukung macem-macem browser kanthi nyakup kabeh prefiks vendor sing relevan ing CSS sing dikompilasi.
Reset model kothak komponen karo mixin siji. Kanggo konteks, waca artikel migunani iki saka Mozilla .
Mixin ora digunakake wiwit v3.2.0, kanthi introduksi Autoprefixer. Kanggo njaga kompatibilitas mundur, Bootstrap bakal terus nggunakake mixin internal nganti Bootstrap v4.
.box-sizing(@box-model) {
-webkit-box-sizing: @box-model; // Safari <= 5
-moz-box-sizing: @box-model; // Firefox <= 19
box-sizing: @box-model;
}
Saiki kabeh browser modern ndhukung border-radius
properti non-prefixed. Dadi, ora ana .border-radius()
mixin, nanging Bootstrap kalebu trabasan kanggo cepet ngubengi rong sudhut ing sisih tartamtu saka obyek.
.border-top-radius(@radius) {
border-top-right-radius: @radius;
border-top-left-radius: @radius;
}
.border-right-radius(@radius) {
border-bottom-right-radius: @radius;
border-top-right-radius: @radius;
}
.border-bottom-radius(@radius) {
border-bottom-right-radius: @radius;
border-bottom-left-radius: @radius;
}
.border-left-radius(@radius) {
border-bottom-left-radius: @radius;
border-top-left-radius: @radius;
}
Yen target pamirsa nggunakake browser lan piranti paling anyar lan paling anyar, mesthine mung nggunakake box-shadow
properti kasebut dhewe. Yen sampeyan butuh dhukungan kanggo piranti Android lawas (pra-v4) lan iOS (pra-iOS 5), gunakake mixin-webkit
sing ora digunakake kanggo njupuk awalan sing dibutuhake .
Mixin wis ora digunakake minangka v3.1.0 , amarga Bootstrap ora resmi ndhukung platform lawas sing ora ndhukung properti standar. Kanggo njaga kompatibilitas mundur, Bootstrap bakal terus nggunakake mixin internal nganti Bootstrap v4.
Pesthekake nggunakake rgba()
werna ing bayangan kothak supaya bisa digabungake kanthi mulus karo latar mburi.
.box-shadow(@shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.25)) {
-webkit-box-shadow: @shadow; // iOS <4.3 & Android <4.1
box-shadow: @shadow;
}
Multiple mixins kanggo keluwesan. Setel kabeh informasi transisi nganggo siji, utawa nemtokake wektu tundha lan durasi sing kapisah yen perlu.
Mixin ora digunakake wiwit v3.2.0, kanthi introduksi Autoprefixer. Kanggo njaga kompatibilitas mundur, Bootstrap bakal terus nggunakake campuran internal nganti Bootstrap v4.
.transition(@transition) {
-webkit-transition: @transition;
transition: @transition;
}
.transition-property(@transition-property) {
-webkit-transition-property: @transition-property;
transition-property: @transition-property;
}
.transition-delay(@transition-delay) {
-webkit-transition-delay: @transition-delay;
transition-delay: @transition-delay;
}
.transition-duration(@transition-duration) {
-webkit-transition-duration: @transition-duration;
transition-duration: @transition-duration;
}
.transition-timing-function(@timing-function) {
-webkit-transition-timing-function: @timing-function;
transition-timing-function: @timing-function;
}
.transition-transform(@transition) {
-webkit-transition: -webkit-transform @transition;
-moz-transition: -moz-transform @transition;
-o-transition: -o-transform @transition;
transition: transform @transition;
}
Puter, skala, terjemahake (pindhah), utawa skew obyek apa wae.
Mixin ora digunakake wiwit v3.2.0, kanthi introduksi Autoprefixer. Kanggo njaga kompatibilitas mundur, Bootstrap bakal terus nggunakake campuran internal nganti Bootstrap v4.
.rotate(@degrees) {
-webkit-transform: rotate(@degrees);
-ms-transform: rotate(@degrees); // IE9 only
transform: rotate(@degrees);
}
.scale(@ratio; @ratio-y...) {
-webkit-transform: scale(@ratio, @ratio-y);
-ms-transform: scale(@ratio, @ratio-y); // IE9 only
transform: scale(@ratio, @ratio-y);
}
.translate(@x; @y) {
-webkit-transform: translate(@x, @y);
-ms-transform: translate(@x, @y); // IE9 only
transform: translate(@x, @y);
}
.skew(@x; @y) {
-webkit-transform: skew(@x, @y);
-ms-transform: skewX(@x) skewY(@y); // See https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/issues/4885; IE9+
transform: skew(@x, @y);
}
.translate3d(@x; @y; @z) {
-webkit-transform: translate3d(@x, @y, @z);
transform: translate3d(@x, @y, @z);
}
.rotateX(@degrees) {
-webkit-transform: rotateX(@degrees);
-ms-transform: rotateX(@degrees); // IE9 only
transform: rotateX(@degrees);
}
.rotateY(@degrees) {
-webkit-transform: rotateY(@degrees);
-ms-transform: rotateY(@degrees); // IE9 only
transform: rotateY(@degrees);
}
.perspective(@perspective) {
-webkit-perspective: @perspective;
-moz-perspective: @perspective;
perspective: @perspective;
}
.perspective-origin(@perspective) {
-webkit-perspective-origin: @perspective;
-moz-perspective-origin: @perspective;
perspective-origin: @perspective;
}
.transform-origin(@origin) {
-webkit-transform-origin: @origin;
-moz-transform-origin: @origin;
-ms-transform-origin: @origin; // IE9 only
transform-origin: @origin;
}
Campuran siji kanggo nggunakake kabeh properti animasi CSS3 ing siji deklarasi lan campuran liyane kanggo properti individu.
Mixin ora digunakake wiwit v3.2.0, kanthi introduksi Autoprefixer. Kanggo njaga kompatibilitas mundur, Bootstrap bakal terus nggunakake campuran internal nganti Bootstrap v4.
.animation(@animation) {
-webkit-animation: @animation;
animation: @animation;
}
.animation-name(@name) {
-webkit-animation-name: @name;
animation-name: @name;
}
.animation-duration(@duration) {
-webkit-animation-duration: @duration;
animation-duration: @duration;
}
.animation-timing-function(@timing-function) {
-webkit-animation-timing-function: @timing-function;
animation-timing-function: @timing-function;
}
.animation-delay(@delay) {
-webkit-animation-delay: @delay;
animation-delay: @delay;
}
.animation-iteration-count(@iteration-count) {
-webkit-animation-iteration-count: @iteration-count;
animation-iteration-count: @iteration-count;
}
.animation-direction(@direction) {
-webkit-animation-direction: @direction;
animation-direction: @direction;
}
Setel opacity kanggo kabeh browser lan wenehake filter
mundur kanggo IE8.
.opacity(@opacity) {
opacity: @opacity;
// IE8 filter
@opacity-ie: (@opacity * 100);
filter: ~"alpha(opacity=@{opacity-ie})";
}
Nyedhiyani konteks kanggo kontrol formulir ing saben lapangan.
.placeholder(@color: @input-color-placeholder) {
&::-moz-placeholder { color: @color; } // Firefox
&:-ms-input-placeholder { color: @color; } // Internet Explorer 10+
&::-webkit-input-placeholder { color: @color; } // Safari and Chrome
}
Nggawe kolom liwat CSS ing siji unsur.
.content-columns(@width; @count; @gap) {
-webkit-column-width: @width;
-moz-column-width: @width;
column-width: @width;
-webkit-column-count: @count;
-moz-column-count: @count;
column-count: @count;
-webkit-column-gap: @gap;
-moz-column-gap: @gap;
column-gap: @gap;
}
Gampang ngowahi rong warna dadi gradien latar mburi. Luwih maju lan atur arah, gunakake telung warna, utawa gunakake gradien radial. Kanthi mixin siji sampeyan entuk kabeh sintaks prefix sing dibutuhake.
#gradient > .vertical(#333; #000);
#gradient > .horizontal(#333; #000);
#gradient > .radial(#333; #000);
Sampeyan uga bisa nemtokake amba saka rong werna standar, gradien linear:
#gradient > .directional(#333; #000; 45deg);
Yen sampeyan butuh gradien gaya barber-stripe, uga gampang. Mung nemtokake siji werna lan kita bakal overlay belang putih tembus.
#gradient > .striped(#333; 45deg);
Nganti ante lan nggunakake telung werna tinimbang. Setel werna pisanan, werna kapindho, werna mandheg warna kapindho (nilai persentase kaya 25%), lan werna katelu kanthi campuran iki:
#gradient > .vertical-three-colors(#777; #333; 25%; #000);
#gradient > .horizontal-three-colors(#777; #333; 25%; #000);
Kepala munggah! Yen sampeyan kudu mbusak gradien, pesthekake mbusak sembarang IE-spesifik filter
sing bisa ditambahake. Sampeyan bisa nindakake kanthi nggunakake .reset-filter()
mixin bebarengan background-image: none;
.
Mixin utilitas minangka campuran sing nggabungake sifat CSS sing ora ana hubungane kanggo nggayuh tujuan utawa tugas tartamtu.
Lali nambahake class="clearfix"
unsur apa wae lan tambahake .clearfix()
mixin yen cocog. Nggunakake micro clearfix saka Nicolas Gallagher .
// Mixin
.clearfix() {
&:before,
&:after {
content: " ";
display: table;
}
&:after {
clear: both;
}
}
// Usage
.container {
.clearfix();
}
Cepet pusatake unsur apa wae ing induke. Mbutuhake width
utawa max-width
disetel.
// Mixin
.center-block() {
display: block;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
}
// Usage
.container {
width: 940px;
.center-block();
}
Nemtokake dimensi obyek kanthi luwih gampang.
// Mixins
.size(@width; @height) {
width: @width;
height: @height;
}
.square(@size) {
.size(@size; @size);
}
// Usage
.image { .size(400px; 300px); }
.avatar { .square(48px); }
Gampang ngatur opsi ngowahi ukuran kanggo sembarang textarea, utawa unsur liyane. Default kanggo prilaku browser normal ( both
).
.resizable(@direction: both) {
// Options: horizontal, vertical, both
resize: @direction;
// Safari fix
overflow: auto;
}
Cut teks kanthi gampang nganggo elipsis kanthi campuran siji. Mbutuhake unsur dadi block
utawa inline-block
level.
// Mixin
.text-overflow() {
overflow: hidden;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
white-space: nowrap;
}
// Usage
.branch-name {
display: inline-block;
max-width: 200px;
.text-overflow();
}
Nemtokake rong jalur gambar lan dimensi gambar @1x, lan Bootstrap bakal menehi pitakon media @2x. Yen sampeyan duwe akeh gambar sing kudu dilayani, coba nulis CSS gambar retina kanthi manual ing query media siji.
.img-retina(@file-1x; @file-2x; @width-1x; @height-1x) {
background-image: url("@{file-1x}");
@media
only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),
only screen and ( min--moz-device-pixel-ratio: 2),
only screen and ( -o-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2/1),
only screen and ( min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),
only screen and ( min-resolution: 192dpi),
only screen and ( min-resolution: 2dppx) {
background-image: url("@{file-2x}");
background-size: @width-1x @height-1x;
}
}
// Usage
.jumbotron {
.img-retina("/img/bg-1x.png", "/img/bg-2x.png", 100px, 100px);
}
Nalika Bootstrap dibangun ing Kurang, uga duwe port Sass resmi . Kita njaga ing repositori GitHub sing kapisah lan nangani nganyari nganggo skrip konversi.
Wiwit port Sass duwe repo sing kapisah lan nglayani pamirsa sing rada beda, isi proyek kasebut beda banget karo proyek Bootstrap utama. Iki njamin port Sass minangka kompatibel karo akeh sistem basis Sass sabisa.
Path | Katrangan |
---|---|
lib/ |
Kode permata Ruby (konfigurasi Sass, integrasi Rails lan Kompas) |
tasks/ |
Skrip konverter (ngowahi hulu Kurang dadi Sass) |
test/ |
Tes kompilasi |
templates/ |
Manifes paket kompas |
vendor/assets/ |
Sass, JavaScript, lan file font |
Rakefile |
Tugas internal, kayata rake lan ngowahi |
Dolan maring repositori GitHub port Sass kanggo ndeleng file kasebut tumindak.
Kanggo informasi babagan carane nginstal lan nggunakake Bootstrap kanggo Sass, deleng repositori GitHub readme . Iki minangka sumber paling anyar lan kalebu informasi sing bisa digunakake karo proyek Rails, Kompas, lan Sass standar.