in English

Sake yi

Sake yi, tarin takamaiman canje-canje na CSS a cikin fayil guda ɗaya, fara Bootstrap don samar da kyakkyawan tushe, daidaito da sauƙi don ginawa.

kusanci

Sake yi yana ginawa akan Normalize, yana samar da abubuwan HTML da yawa tare da ɗan salo na ra'ayi ta amfani da masu zaɓin kashi kawai. Ana yin ƙarin salo kawai tare da azuzuwan. Misali, muna sake yin wasu <table>salo don tushe mafi sauƙi kuma daga baya samar da .table, .table-bordered, da ƙari.

Anan ga jagororinmu da dalilan zabar abin da za mu soke a Sake yi:

Sabunta wasu tsoffin ƙima na burauza don amfani da rems maimakon ems don tazarar abubuwan da za'a iya daidaitawa.
Guji margin-top. Matsakaicin gefe na iya rugujewa, suna ba da sakamako mara tsammani. Mafi mahimmanci ko da yake, shugabanci guda ɗaya marginshine samfurin tunani mafi sauƙi.
Don sauƙin sikeli a cikin girman na'urar, abubuwan toshe yakamata suyi amfani da rems don margins.
Ci gaba da bayyana fontkaddarorin da ke da alaƙa da ƙayyadaddun bayanai, ta amfani da inheritduk lokacin da zai yiwu.

Matsalolin shafi

An sabunta abubuwan <html>da <body>abubuwan don samar da ingantattun ɓangarorin shafi. Ƙari na musamman:

An box-sizingsaita shi a duk duniya akan kowane nau'i-ciki har *::beforeda *::after, zuwa border-box. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa faɗin abubuwan da aka ayyana ba a taɓa wuce gona da iri ba saboda matsi ko iyaka.
Babu tushe font-sizeda aka ayyana akan <html>, amma 16pxana ɗauka (tsohowar burauzar). font-size: 1remana amfani da shi akan <body>nau'in nau'in sikelin mai sauƙin amsa ta hanyar tambayoyin kafofin watsa labarai yayin da ake mutunta abubuwan da mai amfani da kuma tabbatar da hanyar da ta fi dacewa.
Hakanan <body>yana saita duniya font-family, line-height, da text-align. Ana gadar wannan daga baya ta wasu sifofi don hana rashin daidaiton rubutu.
Don aminci, <body>yana da ayyana background-color, rashin kuskure ga #fff.

Tarin rubutu na asali

An jefar da tsoffin fonts na gidan yanar gizo (Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, da Arial) a cikin Bootstrap 4 kuma an maye gurbinsu da "tarin rubutun asali" don ingantaccen rubutu akan kowace na'ura da OS. Kara karantawa game da tarin rubutu na asali a cikin wannan labarin Smashing Magazine .

$font-family-sans-serif:
  // Safari for macOS and iOS (San Francisco)
  -apple-system,
  // Chrome < 56 for macOS (San Francisco)
  BlinkMacSystemFont,
  // Windows
  "Segoe UI",
  // Android
  Roboto,
  // Basic web fallback
  "Helvetica Neue", Arial,
  // Linux
  "Noto Sans",
  // Sans serif fallback
  sans-serif,
  // Emoji fonts
  "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji" !default;

Ana font-familyamfani da wannan ga <body>kuma gaji ta atomatik a duk duniya cikin Bootstrap. Don canza duniya font-family, ɗaukaka $font-family-basekuma sake haɗa Bootstrap.

Kanun labarai da sakin layi

All heading elements—e.g., <h1>—and <p> are reset to have their margin-top removed. Headings have margin-bottom: .5rem added and paragraphs margin-bottom: 1rem for easy spacing.

Heading	Example
`<h1></h1>`	h1. Bootstrap heading
`<h2></h2>`	h2. Bootstrap heading
`<h3></h3>`	h3. Bootstrap heading
`<h4></h4>`	h4. Bootstrap heading
`<h5></h5>`	h5. Bootstrap heading
`<h6></h6>`	h6. Bootstrap heading

Lists

All lists—<ul>, <ol>, and <dl>—have their margin-top removed and a margin-bottom: 1rem. Nested lists have no margin-bottom.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
Consectetur adipiscing elit
Integer molestie lorem at massa
Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
- Phasellus iaculis neque
- Purus sodales ultricies
- Vestibulum laoreet porttitor sem
- Ac tristique libero volutpat at
Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
Aenean sit amet erat nunc
Eget porttitor lorem

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
Consectetur adipiscing elit
Integer molestie lorem at massa
Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
Aenean sit amet erat nunc
Eget porttitor lorem

For simpler styling, clear hierarchy, and better spacing, description lists have updated margins. <dd>s reset margin-left to 0 and add margin-bottom: .5rem. <dt>s are bolded.

Description lists: A description list is perfect for defining terms.
Euismod: Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper eget lacinia odio sem.; Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus.
Malesuada porta: Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.

Preformatted text

The <pre> element is reset to remove its margin-top and use rem units for its margin-bottom.

.example-element {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

Tables

Tables are slightly adjusted to style <caption>s, collapse borders, and ensure consistent text-align throughout. Additional changes for borders, padding, and more come with the .table class.

This is an example table, and this is its caption to describe the contents.
Table heading	Table heading	Table heading	Table heading
Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell
Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell
Table cell	Table cell	Table cell	Table cell

Forms

Various form elements have been rebooted for simpler base styles. Here are some of the most notable changes:

<fieldset>s have no borders, padding, or margin so they can be easily used as wrappers for individual inputs or groups of inputs.
<legend>s, like fieldsets, have also been restyled to be displayed as a heading of sorts.
<label>s are set to display: inline-block to allow margin to be applied.
<input>s, <select>s, <textarea>s, and <button>s are mostly addressed by Normalize, but Reboot removes their margin and sets line-height: inherit, too.
<textarea>s are modified to only be resizable vertically as horizontal resizing often “breaks” page layout.
<button>s and <input> button elements have cursor: pointer when :not(:disabled).

These changes, and more, are demonstrated below.

Pointers on buttons

Reboot includes an enhancement for role="button" to change the default cursor to pointer. Add this attribute to elements to help indicate elements are interactive. This role isn’t necessary for <button> elements, which get their own cursor change.

Non-button element button

<span role="button" tabindex="0">Non-button element button</span>

Misc elements

Address

The <address> element is updated to reset the browser default font-style from italic to normal. line-height is also now inherited, and margin-bottom: 1rem has been added. <address>s are for presenting contact information for the nearest ancestor (or an entire body of work). Preserve formatting by ending lines with <br>.

Twitter, Inc.
1355 Market St, Suite 900
San Francisco, CA 94103
P: (123) 456-7890

Full Name
[email protected]

Blockquote

The default margin on blockquotes is 1em 40px, so we reset that to 0 0 1rem for something more consistent with other elements.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.

Someone famous in Source Title

Inline elements

The <abbr> element receives basic styling to make it stand out amongst paragraph text.

Nulla attr vitae elit libero, a pharetra augue.

Summary

The default cursor on summary is text, so we reset that to pointer to convey that the element can be interacted with by clicking on it.

Some details

More info about the details.

Even more details

Here are even more details about the details.

HTML5 `[hidden]` attribute

HTML5 adds a new global attribute named [hidden], which is styled as display: none by default. Borrowing an idea from PureCSS, we improve upon this default by making [hidden] { display: none !important; } to help prevent its display from getting accidentally overridden. While [hidden] isn’t natively supported by IE10, the explicit declaration in our CSS gets around that problem.

<input type="text" hidden>

jQuery incompatibility

[hidden] is not compatible with jQuery’s $(...).hide() and $(...).show() methods. Therefore, we don’t currently especially endorse [hidden] over other techniques for managing the display of elements.

To merely toggle the visibility of an element, meaning its display is not modified and the element can still affect the flow of the document, use the .invisible class instead.