Migrando a v4
Bootstrap 4 é unha reescritura importante de todo o proxecto. Os cambios máis notables resúmense a continuación, seguidos de cambios máis específicos nos compoñentes relevantes.
Cambios estables
Pasando da Beta 3 á nosa versión estable v4.x, non hai cambios de ruptura, pero hai algúns cambios notables.
Impresión
-
Arranxáronse as utilidades de impresión rotas. Anteriormente, usar unha
.d-print-*
clase anulaba inesperadamente calquera outra.d-*
clase. Agora, coinciden coas nosas outras utilidades de visualización e só se aplican a ese medio (@media print
). -
Ampliáronse as utilidades de visualización de impresión dispoñibles para que coincidan con outras utilidades. A versión beta 3 e máis antiga só tiña
block
,inline-block
,inline
enone
. Stable v4 engadiuseflex
,inline-flex
,table
,table-row
etable-cell
. -
Corrixiuse a representación da vista previa de impresión nos navegadores con novos estilos de impresión que especifican
@page
size
.
Cambios na beta 3
Aínda que a Beta 2 viu a maior parte dos nosos cambios de ruptura durante a fase beta, pero aínda temos algúns que precisaban ser abordados na versión Beta 3. Estes cambios aplícanse se estás actualizando a Beta 3 desde Beta 2 ou calquera versión anterior de Bootstrap.
Varios
- Eliminouse a
$thumbnail-transition
variable non utilizada. Non estabamos a facer a transición de nada, polo que era só un código extra. - O paquete npm xa non inclúe ningún ficheiro que non sexa os nosos ficheiros fonte e dist; se confiabas neles e estabas executando os nosos scripts a través do
node_modules
cartafol, deberías adaptar o teu fluxo de traballo.
Formularios
-
Reescribiu as caixas de verificación e as radios personalizadas e predeterminadas. Agora, ambos teñen unha estrutura HTML coincidente (exterior
<div>
con irmán<input>
e<label>
) e os mesmos estilos de deseño (apilado predeterminado, en liña coa clase modificadora). Isto permítenos crear un estilo da etiqueta en función do estado da entrada, simplificando o soporte para odisabled
atributo (anteriormente requiría unha clase pai) e apoiando mellor a validación do noso formulario.Como parte disto, cambiamos o CSS para xestionar varios
background-image
s en caixas de verificación e radios de formularios personalizados. Anteriormente, o.custom-control-indicator
elemento agora eliminado tiña a cor de fondo, o degradado e a icona SVG. Personalizar o degradado de fondo significaba substituír todos aqueles cada vez que precisaba cambiar só un. Agora, temos.custom-control-label::before
para o recheo e o degradado e.custom-control-label::after
manexa a icona.Para facer unha comprobación personalizada en liña, engade
.custom-control-inline
. -
Selector actualizado para grupos de botóns baseados na entrada. No canto de
[data-toggle="buttons"] { }
estilo e comportamento, usamos odata
atributo só para comportamentos JS e dependemos dunha nova.btn-group-toggle
clase para o estilo. -
Eliminado
.col-form-legend
a favor dun lixeiramente mellorado.col-form-label
. Deste xeito.col-form-label-sm
,.col-form-label-lg
pódese usar en<legend>
elementos con facilidade. -
As entradas de ficheiros personalizados recibiron un cambio na súa
$custom-file-text
variable Sass. Xa non é un mapa Sass anidado e agora só alimenta unha cadea: oBrowse
botón xa que agora é o único pseudoelemento xerado a partir do noso Sass. OChoose file
texto agora provén do.custom-file-label
.
Grupos de entrada
-
Os complementos do grupo de entrada agora son específicos para a súa colocación en relación a unha entrada. Deixamos dúas clases novas ,
.input-group-addon
e . Agora debes usar explícitamente un anexo ou un antecedente, simplificando gran parte do noso CSS. Dentro dun anexo ou anteposto, coloque os botóns como existirían en calquera outro lugar, pero envolve o texto en formato ..input-group-btn
.input-group-prepend
.input-group-append
.input-group-text
-
Agora son compatibles os estilos de validación, así como varias entradas (aínda que só podes validar unha entrada por grupo).
-
As clases de tamaño deben estar no pai
.input-group
e non nos elementos individuais do formulario.
Cambios na beta 2
Mentres esteamos en versión beta, pretendemos que non teñamos cambios significativos. Non obstante, as cousas non sempre saen como estaba previsto. A continuación móstranse os cambios que hai que ter en conta ao pasar da Beta 1 á Beta 2.
Romper
- Eliminouse
$badge-color
a variable e o seu uso en.badge
. Usamos unha función de contraste de cores para escoller unhacolor
baseada nobackground-color
, polo que a variable é innecesaria. - Cambiou o nome
grayscale()
da función agray()
para evitar romper o conflito cograyscale
filtro nativo de CSS. - Cambiou o nome
.table-inverse
de.thead-inverse
, e.thead-default
a.*-dark
e.*-light
, facendo coincidir os nosos esquemas de cores usados noutros lugares. - Agora as táboas sensibles xeran clases para cada punto de interrupción da grella. Isto rompe coa beta 1 en que o
.table-responsive
que usaches é máis parecido a.table-responsive-md
. Agora podes usar.table-responsive
ou.table-responsive-{sm,md,lg,xl}
segundo sexa necesario. - A compatibilidade de Bower deixouse caer xa que o xestor de paquetes quedou en desuso para alternativas (por exemplo, Yarn ou npm). Vexa bower/bower #2298 para máis detalles.
- Bootstrap aínda require jQuery 1.9.1 ou superior, pero recoméndase que use a versión 3.x xa que os navegadores compatibles con v3.x son os que admite Bootstrap e v3.x ten algunhas correccións de seguridade.
- Eliminouse a
.form-control-label
clase non utilizada. Se fixo uso desta clase, era un duplicado da.col-form-label
clase que centraba verticalmente a<label>
coa súa entrada asociada en formatos horizontais. - Cambiouse a función
color-yiq
dun mixin que incluía acolor
propiedade a unha función que devolve un valor, o que lle permite usalo para calquera propiedade CSS. Por exemplo, en lugar decolor-yiq(#000)
, escribiríascolor: color-yiq(#000);
.
Destacados
- Introduciuse un novo
pointer-events
uso nos modais. O exterior.modal-dialog
pasa por eventospointer-events: none
para o manexo de clics personalizado (o que fai posible só escoitalo.modal-backdrop
por calquera clic) e despois contrarresta o real.modal-content
conpointer-events: auto
.
Resumo
Aquí tes os grandes artigos dos que queres ter en conta ao pasar de v3 a v4.
Soporte de navegador
- Deixouse de admitir IE8, IE9 e iOS 6. v4 agora só é IE10+ e iOS 7+. Para sitios que necesiten calquera destes, use v3.
- Engadiuse soporte oficial para o navegador e WebView de Android v5.0 Lollipop. As versións anteriores do navegador Android e WebView só seguen sendo compatibles de xeito non oficial.
Cambios globais
- Flexbox está activado por defecto. En xeral, isto significa un afastamento dos flotadores e máis entre os nosos compoñentes.
- Switched from Less to Sass for our source CSS files.
- Switched from
px
torem
as our primary CSS unit, though pixels are still used for media queries and grid behavior as device viewports are not affected by type size. - Global font-size increased from
14px
to16px
. - Revamped grid tiers to add a fifth option (addressing smaller devices at
576px
and below) and removed the-xs
infix from those classes. Example:.col-6.col-sm-4.col-md-3
. - Replaced the separate optional theme with configurable options via SCSS variables (e.g.,
$enable-gradients: true
). - Build system overhauled to use a series of npm scripts instead of Grunt. See
package.json
for all scripts, or our project readme for local development needs. - Non-responsive usage of Bootstrap is no longer supported.
- Dropped the online Customizer in favor of more extensive setup documentation and customized builds.
- Added dozens of new utility classes for common CSS property-value pairs and margin/padding spacing shortcuts.
Grid system
- Moved to flexbox.
- Added support for flexbox in the grid mixins and predefined classes.
- As part of flexbox, included support for vertical and horizontal alignment classes.
- Updated grid class names and a new grid tier.
- Added a new
sm
grid tier below768px
for more granular control. We now havexs
,sm
,md
,lg
, andxl
. This also means every tier has been bumped up one level (so.col-md-6
in v3 is now.col-lg-6
in v4). xs
grid classes have been modified to not require the infix to more accurately represent that they start applying styles atmin-width: 0
and not a set pixel value. Instead of.col-xs-6
, it’s now.col-6
. All other grid tiers require the infix (e.g.,sm
).
- Added a new
- Updated grid sizes, mixins, and variables.
- Grid gutters now have a Sass map so you can specify specific gutter widths at each breakpoint.
- Updated grid mixins to utilize a
make-col-ready
prep mixin and amake-col
to set theflex
andmax-width
for individual column sizing. - Changed grid system media query breakpoints and container widths to account for new grid tier and ensure columns are evenly divisible by
12
at their max width. - Grid breakpoints and container widths are now handled via Sass maps (
$grid-breakpoints
and$container-max-widths
) instead of a handful of separate variables. These replace the@screen-*
variables entirely and allow you to fully customize the grid tiers. - Media queries have also changed. Instead of repeating our media query declarations with the same value each time, we now have
@include media-breakpoint-up/down/only
. Now, instead of writing@media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) { ... }
, you can write@include media-breakpoint-up(sm) { ... }
.
Components
- Dropped panels, thumbnails, and wells for a new all-encompassing component, cards.
- Dropped the Glyphicons icon font. If you need icons, some options are:
- the upstream version of Glyphicons
- Octicons
- Font Awesome
- See the Extend page for a list of alternatives. Have additional suggestions? Please open an issue or PR.
- Dropped the Affix jQuery plugin.
- We recommend using
position: sticky
instead. See the HTML5 Please entry for details and specific polyfill recommendations. One suggestion is to use an@supports
rule for implementing it (e.g.,@supports (position: sticky) { ... }
) - If you were using Affix to apply additional, non-
position
styles, the polyfills might not support your use case. One option for such uses is the third-party ScrollPos-Styler library.
- We recommend using
- Dropped the pager component as it was essentially slightly customized buttons.
- Refactored nearly all components to use more un-nested class selectors instead of over-specific children selectors.
By component
This list highlights key changes by component between v3.x.x and v4.0.0.
Reboot
New to Bootstrap 4 is the Reboot, a new stylesheet that builds on Normalize with our own somewhat opinionated reset styles. Selectors appearing in this file only use elements—there are no classes here. This isolates our reset styles from our component styles for a more modular approach. Some of the most important resets this includes are the box-sizing: border-box
change, moving from em
to rem
units on many elements, link styles, and many form element resets.
Typography
- Moved all
.text-
utilities to the_utilities.scss
file. - Dropped
.page-header
as its styles can be applied via utilities. .dl-horizontal
has been dropped. Instead, use.row
on<dl>
and use grid column classes (or mixins) on its<dt>
and<dd>
children.- Redesigned blockquotes, moving their styles from the
<blockquote>
element to a single class,.blockquote
. Dropped the.blockquote-reverse
modifier for text utilities. .list-inline
now requires that its children list items have the new.list-inline-item
class applied to them.
Images
- Renamed
.img-responsive
to.img-fluid
. - Renamed
.img-rounded
to.rounded
- Renamed
.img-circle
to.rounded-circle
Tables
- Nearly all instances of the
>
selector have been removed, meaning nested tables will now automatically inherit styles from their parents. This greatly simplifies our selectors and potential customizations. - Renamed
.table-condensed
to.table-sm
for consistency. - Added a new
.table-inverse
option. - Added table header modifiers:
.thead-default
and.thead-inverse
. - Renamed contextual classes to have a
.table-
-prefix. Hence.active
,.success
,.warning
,.danger
and.info
to.table-active
,.table-success
,.table-warning
,.table-danger
and.table-info
.
Forms
- Moved element resets to the
_reboot.scss
file. - Renamed
.control-label
to.col-form-label
. - Renamed
.input-lg
and.input-sm
to.form-control-lg
and.form-control-sm
, respectively. - Dropped
.form-group-*
classes for simplicity’s sake. Use.form-control-*
classes instead now. - Dropped
.help-block
and replaced it with.form-text
for block-level help text. For inline help text and other flexible options, use utility classes like.text-muted
. - Dropped
.radio-inline
and.checkbox-inline
. - Consolidated
.checkbox
and.radio
into.form-check
and the various.form-check-*
classes. - Horizontal forms overhauled:
- Dropped the
.form-horizontal
class requirement. .form-group
no longer applies styles from the.row
via mixin, so.row
is now required for horizontal grid layouts (e.g.,<div class="form-group row">
).- Added new
.col-form-label
class to vertically center labels with.form-control
s. - Added new
.form-row
for compact form layouts with the grid classes (swap your.row
for a.form-row
and go).
- Dropped the
- Added custom forms support (for checkboxes, radios, selects, and file inputs).
- Replaced
.has-error
,.has-warning
, and.has-success
classes with HTML5 form validation via CSS’s:invalid
and:valid
pseudo-classes. - Renamed
.form-control-static
to.form-control-plaintext
.
Buttons
- Renamed
.btn-default
to.btn-secondary
. - Dropped the
.btn-xs
class entirely as.btn-sm
is proportionally much smaller than v3’s. - The stateful button feature of the
button.js
jQuery plugin has been dropped. This includes the$().button(string)
and$().button('reset')
methods. We advise using a tiny bit of custom JavaScript instead, which will have the benefit of behaving exactly the way you want it to.- Note that the other features of the plugin (button checkboxes, button radios, single-toggle buttons) have been retained in v4.
- Change buttons’
[disabled]
to:disabled
as IE9+ supports:disabled
. Howeverfieldset[disabled]
is still necessary because native disabled fieldsets are still buggy in IE11.
Button group
- Rewrote component with flexbox.
- Removed
.btn-group-justified
. As a replacement you can use<div class="btn-group d-flex" role="group"></div>
as a wrapper around elements with.w-100
. - Dropped the
.btn-group-xs
class entirely given removal of.btn-xs
. - Removed explicit spacing between button groups in button toolbars; use margin utilities now.
- Improved documentation for use with other components.
Dropdowns
- Switched from parent selectors to singular classes for all components, modifiers, etc.
- Simplified dropdown styles to no longer ship with upward or downward facing arrows attached to the dropdown menu.
- Dropdowns can be built with
<div>
s or<ul>
s now. - Rebuilt dropdown styles and markup to provide easy, built-in support for
<a>
and<button>
based dropdown items. - Renamed
.divider
to.dropdown-divider
. - Dropdown items now require
.dropdown-item
. - Dropdown toggles no longer require an explicit
<span class="caret"></span>
; this is now provided automatically via CSS’s::after
on.dropdown-toggle
.
Grid system
- Added a new
576px
grid breakpoint assm
, meaning there are now five total tiers (xs
,sm
,md
,lg
, andxl
). - Renamed the responsive grid modifier classes from
.col-{breakpoint}-{modifier}-{size}
to.{modifier}-{breakpoint}-{size}
for simpler grid classes. - Dropped push and pull modifier classes for the new flexbox-powered
order
classes. For example, instead of.col-8.push-4
and.col-4.pull-8
, you’d use.col-8.order-2
and.col-4.order-1
. - Added flexbox utility classes for grid system and components.
List groups
- Rewrote component with flexbox.
- Replaced
a.list-group-item
with an explicit class,.list-group-item-action
, for styling link and button versions of list group items. - Added
.list-group-flush
class for use with cards.
Modal
- Rewrote component with flexbox.
- Given the move to flexbox, alignment of dismiss icons in the header is likely broken as we’re no longer using floats. Floated content comes first, but with flexbox that’s no longer the case. Update your dismiss icons to come after modal titles to fix.
- The
remote
option (which could be used to automatically load and inject external content into a modal) and the correspondingloaded.bs.modal
event were removed. We recommend instead using client-side templating or a data binding framework, or calling jQuery.load yourself.
Navs
- Rewrote component with flexbox.
- Dropped nearly all
>
selectors for simpler styling via un-nested classes. - Instead of HTML-specific selectors like
.nav > li > a
, we use separate classes for.nav
s,.nav-item
s, and.nav-link
s. This makes your HTML more flexible while bringing along increased extensibility.
Navbar
The navbar has been entirely rewritten in flexbox with improved support for alignment, responsiveness, and customization.
- Responsive navbar behaviors are now applied to the
.navbar
class via the required.navbar-expand-{breakpoint}
where you choose where to collapse the navbar. Previously this was a Less variable modification and required recompiling. .navbar-default
is now.navbar-light
, though.navbar-dark
remains the same. One of these is required on each navbar. However, these classes no longer setbackground-color
s; instead they essentially only affectcolor
.- Navbars now require a background declaration of some kind. Choose from our background utilities (
.bg-*
) or set your own with the light/inverse classes above for mad customization. - Given flexbox styles, navbars can now use flexbox utilities for easy alignment options.
.navbar-toggle
is now.navbar-toggler
and has different styles and inner markup (no more three<span>
s).- Dropped the
.navbar-form
class entirely. It’s no longer necessary; instead, just use.form-inline
and apply margin utilities as necessary. - Navbars no longer include
margin-bottom
orborder-radius
by default. Use utilities as necessary. - All examples featuring navbars have been updated to include new markup.
Pagination
- Rewrote component with flexbox.
- Explicit classes (
.page-item
,.page-link
) are now required on the descendants of.pagination
s - Dropped the
.pager
component entirely as it was little more than customized outline buttons.
Breadcrumbs
- An explicit class,
.breadcrumb-item
, is now required on the descendants of.breadcrumb
s
Labels and badges
- Consolidated
.label
and.badge
to disambiguate from the<label>
element and simplify related components. - Added
.badge-pill
as modifier for rounded “pill” look. - Badges are no longer floated automatically in list groups and other components. Utility classes are now required for that.
.badge-default
has been dropped and.badge-secondary
added to match component modifier classes used elsewhere.
Panels, thumbnails, and wells
Dropped entirely for the new card component.
Panels
.panel
to.card
, now built with flexbox..panel-default
removed and no replacement..panel-group
removed and no replacement..card-group
is not a replacement, it is different..panel-heading
to.card-header
.panel-title
to.card-title
. Depending on the desired look, you may also want to use heading elements or classes (e.g.<h3>
,.h3
) or bold elements or classes (e.g.<strong>
,<b>
,.font-weight-bold
). Note that.card-title
, while similarly named, produces a different look than.panel-title
..panel-body
to.card-body
.panel-footer
to.card-footer
.panel-primary
,.panel-success
,.panel-info
,.panel-warning
, and.panel-danger
have been dropped for.bg-
,.text-
, and.border
utilities generated from our$theme-colors
Sass map.
Progress
- Replaced contextual
.progress-bar-*
classes with.bg-*
utilities. For example,class="progress-bar progress-bar-danger"
becomesclass="progress-bar bg-danger"
. - Replaced
.active
for animated progress bars with.progress-bar-animated
.
Carousel
- Overhauled the entire component to simplify design and styling. We have fewer styles for you to override, new indicators, and new icons.
- All CSS has been un-nested and renamed, ensuring each class is prefixed with
.carousel-
.- For carousel items,
.next
,.prev
,.left
, and.right
are now.carousel-item-next
,.carousel-item-prev
,.carousel-item-left
, and.carousel-item-right
. .item
is also now.carousel-item
.- For prev/next controls,
.carousel-control.right
and.carousel-control.left
are now.carousel-control-next
and.carousel-control-prev
, meaning they no longer require a specific base class.
- For carousel items,
- Removed all responsive styling, deferring to utilities (e.g., showing captions on certain viewports) and custom styles as needed.
- Removed image overrides for images in carousel items, deferring to utilities.
- Tweaked the Carousel example to include the new markup and styles.
Tables
- Removed support for styled nested tables. All table styles are now inherited in v4 for simpler selectors.
- Added inverse table variant.
Utilities
- Display, hidden, and more:
- Made display utilities responsive (e.g.,
.d-none
andd-{sm,md,lg,xl}-none
). - Dropped the bulk of
.hidden-*
utilities for new display utilities. For example, instead of.hidden-sm-up
, use.d-sm-none
. Renamed the.hidden-print
utilities to use the display utility naming scheme. More info under the Responsive utilities section of this page. - Added
.float-{sm,md,lg,xl}-{left,right,none}
classes for responsive floats and removed.pull-left
and.pull-right
since they’re redundant to.float-left
and.float-right
.
- Made display utilities responsive (e.g.,
- Type:
- Added responsive variations to our text alignment classes
.text-{sm,md,lg,xl}-{left,center,right}
.
- Added responsive variations to our text alignment classes
- Alignment and spacing:
- Added new responsive margin and padding utilities for all sides, plus vertical and horizontal shorthands.
- Added boatload of flexbox utilities.
- Dropped
.center-block
for the new.mx-auto
class.
- Clearfix updated to drop support for older browser versions.
Vendor prefix mixins
Bootstrap 3’s vendor prefix mixins, which were deprecated in v3.2.0, have been removed in Bootstrap 4. Since we use Autoprefixer, they’re no longer necessary.
Removed the following mixins: animation
, animation-delay
, animation-direction
, animation-duration
, animation-fill-mode
, animation-iteration-count
, animation-name
, animation-timing-function
, backface-visibility
, box-sizing
, content-columns
, hyphens
, opacity
, perspective
, perspective-origin
, rotate
, rotateX
, rotateY
, scale
, scaleX
, scaleY
, skew
, transform-origin
, transition-delay
, transition-duration
, transition-property
, transition-timing-function
, transition-transform
, translate
, translate3d
, user-select
Documentation
Our documentation received an upgrade across the board as well. Here’s the low down:
- We’re still using Jekyll, but we have plugins in the mix:
bugify.rb
is used to efficiently list out the entries on our browser bugs page.example.rb
is a custom fork of the defaulthighlight.rb
plugin, allowing for easier example-code handling.callout.rb
is a similar custom fork of that, but designed for our special docs callouts.- jekyll-toc is used to generate our table of contents.
- All docs content has been rewritten in Markdown (instead of HTML) for easier editing.
- Pages have been reorganized for simpler content and a more approachable hierarchy.
- We moved from regular CSS to SCSS to take full advantage of Bootstrap’s variables, mixins, and more.
Responsive utilities
All @screen-
variables have been removed in v4.0.0. Use the media-breakpoint-up()
, media-breakpoint-down()
, or media-breakpoint-only()
Sass mixins or the $grid-breakpoints
Sass map instead.
Our responsive utility classes have largely been removed in favor of explicit display
utilities.
- The
.hidden
and.show
classes have been removed because they conflicted with jQuery’s$(...).hide()
and$(...).show()
methods. Instead, try toggling the[hidden]
attribute or use inline styles likestyle="display: none;"
andstyle="display: block;"
. - All
.hidden-
classes have been removed, save for the print utilities which have been renamed.- Removed from v3:
.hidden-xs
.hidden-sm
.hidden-md
.hidden-lg
.visible-xs-block
.visible-xs-inline
.visible-xs-inline-block
.visible-sm-block
.visible-sm-inline
.visible-sm-inline-block
.visible-md-block
.visible-md-inline
.visible-md-inline-block
.visible-lg-block
.visible-lg-inline
.visible-lg-inline-block
- Removed from v4 alphas:
.hidden-xs-up
.hidden-xs-down
.hidden-sm-up
.hidden-sm-down
.hidden-md-up
.hidden-md-down
.hidden-lg-up
.hidden-lg-down
- Removed from v3:
- Print utilities no longer start with
.hidden-
or.visible-
, but with.d-print-
.- Old names:
.visible-print-block
,.visible-print-inline
,.visible-print-inline-block
,.hidden-print
- Novas clases:
.d-print-block
,.d-print-inline
,.d-print-inline-block
,.d-print-none
- Old names:
En lugar de usar clases explícitas .visible-*
, fai visible un elemento simplemente sen ocultalo nese tamaño de pantalla. Podes combinar unha .d-*-none
clase cunha .d-*-block
clase para mostrar un elemento só nun intervalo determinado de tamaños de pantalla (por exemplo, .d-none.d-md-block.d-xl-none
mostra o elemento só en dispositivos medianos e grandes).
Teña en conta que os cambios nos puntos de interrupción da grella na versión 4 significan que terás que aumentar un punto de interrupción para conseguir os mesmos resultados. As novas clases de utilidade receptivas non tentan acomodar casos menos comúns nos que a visibilidade dun elemento non se pode expresar como un único intervalo contiguo de tamaños de vistas; En cambio, necesitará usar CSS personalizado nestes casos.