Validaasje
Jou weardefolle, aksjebere feedback oan jo brûkers mei HTML5-formuliervalidaasje, fia standertgedrach fan browsers of oanpaste stilen en JavaScript.
Hoe't it wurket
Hjir is hoe't formuliervalidaasje wurket mei Bootstrap:
- HTML-formuliervalidaasje wurdt tapast fia de twa pseudoklassen fan CSS,
:invalid
en:valid
. It jildt foar<input>
,<select>
, en<textarea>
eleminten. - Bootstrap scopes de
:invalid
en:valid
stilen oan âlder.was-validated
klasse, meastal tapast op de<form>
. Oars wurdt elk fereaske fjild sûnder in wearde te sjen as ûnjildich by sideladen. Op dizze manier kinne jo kieze wannear't jo se aktivearje wolle (meastentiids neidat it yntsjinjen fan formulier is besocht). - Om it uterlik fan it formulier werom te setten (bygelyks yn it gefal fan dynamyske yntsjinjen fan formulieren mei AJAX), ferwiderje de
.was-validated
klasse fan 'e<form>
wer nei yntsjinjen. - As in fallback,
.is-invalid
en.is-valid
klassen kinne brûkt wurde ynstee fan de pseudo-klassen foar tsjinner-side falidaasje . Se hawwe gjin âlderklasse nedich.was-validated
. - Troch beheiningen yn hoe't CSS wurket, kinne wy (op it stuit) gjin stilen tapasse op in
<label>
dat komt foar in formulierkontrôle yn 'e DOM sûnder help fan oanpaste JavaScript. - Alle moderne browsers stypje de betingstvalidaasje API , in searje JavaScript-metoaden foar it validearjen fan formulierkontrôles.
- Feedbackberjochten kinne de browserstanderts brûke ( ferskillend foar elke browser, en net stylich fia CSS) as ús oanpaste feedbackstilen mei ekstra HTML en CSS.
- Jo kinne berjochten foar oanpaste jildigens leverje
setCustomValidity
yn JavaScript.
Mei dat yn gedachten, beskôgje de folgjende demo's foar ús stilen foar validaasje fan oanpaste formulieren, opsjonele klassen oan 'e serverkant, en browserstanderts.
Oanpaste stilen
Foar oanpaste berjochten foar validaasje fan Bootstrap-formulieren moatte jo it novalidate
Booleaanske attribút tafoegje oan jo <form>
. Dit skeakelet de browser standert feedback tooltips út, mar jout dochs tagong ta de formuliervalidaasje APIs yn JavaScript. Besykje it formulier hjirûnder yn te tsjinjen; ús JavaScript sil de knop yntsjinje ûnderskeppe en feedback nei jo trochjaan. As jo besykje yntsjinje, sille jo de stilen :invalid
en :valid
sjen dy't tapast wurde op jo formulierkontrôles.
Oanpaste feedbackstilen tapasse oanpaste kleuren, rânen, fokusstilen en eftergrûnikoanen om feedback better te kommunisearjen. Eftergrûnikoanen foar <select>
s binne allinnich beskikber mei .form-select
, en net .form-control
.
<form class="row g-3 needs-validation" novalidate>
<div class="col-md-4">
<label for="validationCustom01" class="form-label">First name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom01" value="Mark" required>
<div class="valid-feedback">
Looks good!
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<label for="validationCustom02" class="form-label">Last name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom02" value="Otto" required>
<div class="valid-feedback">
Looks good!
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<label for="validationCustomUsername" class="form-label">Username</label>
<div class="input-group has-validation">
<span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend">@</span>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustomUsername" aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend" required>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
Please choose a username.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<label for="validationCustom03" class="form-label">City</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom03" required>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
Please provide a valid city.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<label for="validationCustom04" class="form-label">State</label>
<select class="form-select" id="validationCustom04" required>
<option selected disabled value="">Choose...</option>
<option>...</option>
</select>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
Please select a valid state.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<label for="validationCustom05" class="form-label">Zip</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationCustom05" required>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
Please provide a valid zip.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-12">
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck" required>
<label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck">
Agree to terms and conditions
</label>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
You must agree before submitting.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-12">
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
</div>
</form>
// Example starter JavaScript for disabling form submissions if there are invalid fields
(function () {
'use strict'
// Fetch all the forms we want to apply custom Bootstrap validation styles to
var forms = document.querySelectorAll('.needs-validation')
// Loop over them and prevent submission
Array.prototype.slice.call(forms)
.forEach(function (form) {
form.addEventListener('submit', function (event) {
if (!form.checkValidity()) {
event.preventDefault()
event.stopPropagation()
}
form.classList.add('was-validated')
}, false)
})
})()
Browser standerts
Net ynteressearre yn oanpaste validaasjefeedbackberjochten of JavaScript skriuwen om foarmgedrach te feroarjen? Alles goed, jo kinne de browserstanderts brûke. Besykje it formulier hjirûnder yn te stjoeren. Ofhinklik fan jo browser en OS, sille jo in wat oare styl fan feedback sjen.
Hoewol dizze feedbackstilen net mei CSS kinne wurde styleare, kinne jo de feedbacktekst noch oanpasse fia JavaScript.
<form class="row g-3">
<div class="col-md-4">
<label for="validationDefault01" class="form-label">First name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault01" value="Mark" required>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<label for="validationDefault02" class="form-label">Last name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault02" value="Otto" required>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<label for="validationDefaultUsername" class="form-label">Username</label>
<div class="input-group">
<span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend2">@</span>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefaultUsername" aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend2" required>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<label for="validationDefault03" class="form-label">City</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault03" required>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<label for="validationDefault04" class="form-label">State</label>
<select class="form-select" id="validationDefault04" required>
<option selected disabled value="">Choose...</option>
<option>...</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<label for="validationDefault05" class="form-label">Zip</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationDefault05" required>
</div>
<div class="col-12">
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck2" required>
<label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck2">
Agree to terms and conditions
</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-12">
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
</div>
</form>
Server side
Wy riede it brûken fan client-side falidaasje, mar yn gefal jo easkje server-side falidaasje, kinne jo oanjaan ûnjildige en jildich formulier fjilden mei .is-invalid
en .is-valid
. Tink derom dat .invalid-feedback
wurdt ek stipe mei dizze klassen.
Foar ûnjildige fjilden, soargje derfoar dat de ûnjildige feedback/flater berjocht wurdt assosjearre mei de oanbelangjende formulier fjild brûkend aria-describedby
(opmerklik dat dit attribút kinne mear as ien id
wurde ferwiisd, yn it gefal dat it fjild al ferwiist nei ekstra formulier tekst).
Om problemen mei grinsradius op te lossen , fereaskje ynfiergroepen in ekstra .has-validation
klasse.
<form class="row g-3">
<div class="col-md-4">
<label for="validationServer01" class="form-label">First name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control is-valid" id="validationServer01" value="Mark" required>
<div class="valid-feedback">
Looks good!
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<label for="validationServer02" class="form-label">Last name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control is-valid" id="validationServer02" value="Otto" required>
<div class="valid-feedback">
Looks good!
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<label for="validationServerUsername" class="form-label">Username</label>
<div class="input-group has-validation">
<span class="input-group-text" id="inputGroupPrepend3">@</span>
<input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServerUsername" aria-describedby="inputGroupPrepend3 validationServerUsernameFeedback" required>
<div id="validationServerUsernameFeedback" class="invalid-feedback">
Please choose a username.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<label for="validationServer03" class="form-label">City</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServer03" aria-describedby="validationServer03Feedback" required>
<div id="validationServer03Feedback" class="invalid-feedback">
Please provide a valid city.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<label for="validationServer04" class="form-label">State</label>
<select class="form-select is-invalid" id="validationServer04" aria-describedby="validationServer04Feedback" required>
<option selected disabled value="">Choose...</option>
<option>...</option>
</select>
<div id="validationServer04Feedback" class="invalid-feedback">
Please select a valid state.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<label for="validationServer05" class="form-label">Zip</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationServer05" aria-describedby="validationServer05Feedback" required>
<div id="validationServer05Feedback" class="invalid-feedback">
Please provide a valid zip.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-12">
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input is-invalid" type="checkbox" value="" id="invalidCheck3" aria-describedby="invalidCheck3Feedback" required>
<label class="form-check-label" for="invalidCheck3">
Agree to terms and conditions
</label>
<div id="invalidCheck3Feedback" class="invalid-feedback">
You must agree before submitting.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-12">
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
</div>
</form>
Stipe eleminten
Validaasjestilen binne beskikber foar de folgjende formulierkontrôles en komponinten:
<input>
s en<textarea>
s mei.form-control
(ynklusyf maksimaal ien.form-control
yn ynfiergroepen)<select>
s mei.form-select
.form-check
s
<form class="was-validated">
<div class="mb-3">
<label for="validationTextarea" class="form-label">Textarea</label>
<textarea class="form-control is-invalid" id="validationTextarea" placeholder="Required example textarea" required></textarea>
<div class="invalid-feedback">
Please enter a message in the textarea.
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-check mb-3">
<input type="checkbox" class="form-check-input" id="validationFormCheck1" required>
<label class="form-check-label" for="validationFormCheck1">Check this checkbox</label>
<div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid feedback text</div>
</div>
<div class="form-check">
<input type="radio" class="form-check-input" id="validationFormCheck2" name="radio-stacked" required>
<label class="form-check-label" for="validationFormCheck2">Toggle this radio</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check mb-3">
<input type="radio" class="form-check-input" id="validationFormCheck3" name="radio-stacked" required>
<label class="form-check-label" for="validationFormCheck3">Or toggle this other radio</label>
<div class="invalid-feedback">More example invalid feedback text</div>
</div>
<div class="mb-3">
<select class="form-select" required aria-label="select example">
<option value="">Open this select menu</option>
<option value="1">One</option>
<option value="2">Two</option>
<option value="3">Three</option>
</select>
<div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid select feedback</div>
</div>
<div class="mb-3">
<input type="file" class="form-control" aria-label="file example" required>
<div class="invalid-feedback">Example invalid form file feedback</div>
</div>
<div class="mb-3">
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit" disabled>Submit form</button>
</div>
</form>
Tooltips
As jo formulieropmaak it talit, kinne jo de .{valid|invalid}-feedback
klassen wikselje foar .{valid|invalid}-tooltip
klassen om falidaasjefeedback te werjaan yn in stylige tooltip. Wês wis dat jo in âlder hawwe mei position: relative
op it foar tooltip posisjonearring. Yn it foarbyld hjirûnder hawwe ús kolomklassen dit al, mar jo projekt kin in alternative opset fereaskje.
<form class="row g-3 needs-validation" novalidate>
<div class="col-md-4 position-relative">
<label for="validationTooltip01" class="form-label">First name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip01" value="Mark" required>
<div class="valid-tooltip">
Looks good!
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4 position-relative">
<label for="validationTooltip02" class="form-label">Last name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip02" value="Otto" required>
<div class="valid-tooltip">
Looks good!
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4 position-relative">
<label for="validationTooltipUsername" class="form-label">Username</label>
<div class="input-group has-validation">
<span class="input-group-text" id="validationTooltipUsernamePrepend">@</span>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltipUsername" aria-describedby="validationTooltipUsernamePrepend" required>
<div class="invalid-tooltip">
Please choose a unique and valid username.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 position-relative">
<label for="validationTooltip03" class="form-label">City</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip03" required>
<div class="invalid-tooltip">
Please provide a valid city.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 position-relative">
<label for="validationTooltip04" class="form-label">State</label>
<select class="form-select" id="validationTooltip04" required>
<option selected disabled value="">Choose...</option>
<option>...</option>
</select>
<div class="invalid-tooltip">
Please select a valid state.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 position-relative">
<label for="validationTooltip05" class="form-label">Zip</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="validationTooltip05" required>
<div class="invalid-tooltip">
Please provide a valid zip.
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-12">
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit form</button>
</div>
</form>
Sass
Fariabelen
$form-feedback-margin-top: $form-text-margin-top;
$form-feedback-font-size: $form-text-font-size;
$form-feedback-font-style: $form-text-font-style;
$form-feedback-valid-color: $success;
$form-feedback-invalid-color: $danger;
$form-feedback-icon-valid-color: $form-feedback-valid-color;
$form-feedback-icon-valid: url("data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 8 8'><path fill='#{$form-feedback-icon-valid-color}' d='M2.3 6.73L.6 4.53c-.4-1.04.46-1.4 1.1-.8l1.1 1.4 3.4-3.8c.6-.63 1.6-.27 1.2.7l-4 4.6c-.43.5-.8.4-1.1.1z'/></svg>");
$form-feedback-icon-invalid-color: $form-feedback-invalid-color;
$form-feedback-icon-invalid: url("data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 12 12' width='12' height='12' fill='none' stroke='#{$form-feedback-icon-invalid-color}'><circle cx='6' cy='6' r='4.5'/><path stroke-linejoin='round' d='M5.8 3.6h.4L6 6.5z'/><circle cx='6' cy='8.2' r='.6' fill='#{$form-feedback-icon-invalid-color}' stroke='none'/></svg>");
Mixins
Twa mixins wurde kombinearre troch ús loop , om ús stilen foar formuliervalidaasjefeedback te generearjen.
@mixin form-validation-state-selector($state) {
@if ($state == "valid" or $state == "invalid") {
.was-validated #{if(&, "&", "")}:#{$state},
#{if(&, "&", "")}.is-#{$state} {
@content;
}
} @else {
#{if(&, "&", "")}.is-#{$state} {
@content;
}
}
}
@mixin form-validation-state(
$state,
$color,
$icon,
$tooltip-color: color-contrast($color),
$tooltip-bg-color: rgba($color, $form-feedback-tooltip-opacity),
$focus-box-shadow: 0 0 $input-btn-focus-blur $input-focus-width rgba($color, $input-btn-focus-color-opacity)
) {
.#{$state}-feedback {
display: none;
width: 100%;
margin-top: $form-feedback-margin-top;
@include font-size($form-feedback-font-size);
font-style: $form-feedback-font-style;
color: $color;
}
.#{$state}-tooltip {
position: absolute;
top: 100%;
z-index: 5;
display: none;
max-width: 100%; // Contain to parent when possible
padding: $form-feedback-tooltip-padding-y $form-feedback-tooltip-padding-x;
margin-top: .1rem;
@include font-size($form-feedback-tooltip-font-size);
line-height: $form-feedback-tooltip-line-height;
color: $tooltip-color;
background-color: $tooltip-bg-color;
@include border-radius($form-feedback-tooltip-border-radius);
}
@include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
~ .#{$state}-feedback,
~ .#{$state}-tooltip {
display: block;
}
}
.form-control {
@include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
border-color: $color;
@if $enable-validation-icons {
padding-right: $input-height-inner;
background-image: escape-svg($icon);
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: right $input-height-inner-quarter center;
background-size: $input-height-inner-half $input-height-inner-half;
}
&:focus {
border-color: $color;
box-shadow: $focus-box-shadow;
}
}
}
// stylelint-disable-next-line selector-no-qualifying-type
textarea.form-control {
@include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
@if $enable-validation-icons {
padding-right: $input-height-inner;
background-position: top $input-height-inner-quarter right $input-height-inner-quarter;
}
}
}
.form-select {
@include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
border-color: $color;
@if $enable-validation-icons {
&:not([multiple]):not([size]),
&:not([multiple])[size="1"] {
padding-right: $form-select-feedback-icon-padding-end;
background-image: escape-svg($form-select-indicator), escape-svg($icon);
background-position: $form-select-bg-position, $form-select-feedback-icon-position;
background-size: $form-select-bg-size, $form-select-feedback-icon-size;
}
}
&:focus {
border-color: $color;
box-shadow: $focus-box-shadow;
}
}
}
.form-check-input {
@include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
border-color: $color;
&:checked {
background-color: $color;
}
&:focus {
box-shadow: $focus-box-shadow;
}
~ .form-check-label {
color: $color;
}
}
}
.form-check-inline .form-check-input {
~ .#{$state}-feedback {
margin-left: .5em;
}
}
.input-group .form-control,
.input-group .form-select {
@include form-validation-state-selector($state) {
@if $state == "valid" {
z-index: 1;
} @else if $state == "invalid" {
z-index: 2;
}
&:focus {
z-index: 3;
}
}
}
}
Map
Dit is de falidaasje Sass kaart út _variables.scss
. Oerskriuwe of útwreidzje dit om ferskillende of ekstra steaten te generearjen.
$form-validation-states: (
"valid": (
"color": $form-feedback-valid-color,
"icon": $form-feedback-icon-valid
),
"invalid": (
"color": $form-feedback-invalid-color,
"icon": $form-feedback-icon-invalid
)
);
Kaarten fan $form-validation-states
kinne trije opsjonele parameters befetsje om tooltips en fokusstilen te oerskriuwen.
Loop
Wurdt brûkt om kaartwearden te iterearjen $form-validation-states
om ús falidaasjestilen te generearjen. Alle wizigingen oan de boppesteande Sass-kaart sille wurde wjerspegele yn jo kompilearre CSS fia dizze loop.
@each $state, $data in $form-validation-states {
@include form-validation-state($state, $data...);
}
Oanpasse
Validaasje steaten kinne wurde oanpast fia Sass mei de $form-validation-states
kaart. Lizzend yn ús _variables.scss
bestân, dizze Sass-kaart is hoe't wy de standert valid
/ invalid
falidaasjestaten generearje. Ynbegrepen is in geneste kaart foar it oanpassen fan elke steat kleur, ikoan, tooltip kleur, en fokus skaad. Wylst gjin oare steaten wurde stipe troch browsers, kinne dyjingen dy't oanpaste stilen brûke, maklik kompleksere formulierfeedback taheakje.
Tink derom dat wy it oanpassen $form-validation-states
fan wearden net oanrikkemandearje sûnder ek de form-validation-state
mixin te feroarjen .